Land reform in Senegal represents a critical area of study within African Studies, particularly focusing on socio-economic transformations in East Africa. This study employs a qualitative approach through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis among rural communities affected by recent land reforms. Data collection occurred from September to December . The findings indicate that approximately 75% of respondents experienced changes in their land rights post-reform, with significant variations across different regions of Senegal. Economic benefits were more pronounced for smallholder farmers compared to larger agribusinesses. The ethnographic study reveals mixed outcomes from the implemented land reform policies, underscoring the need for nuanced policy adjustments and community engagement in future reforms. Recommendations include prioritising inclusive consultation processes, enhancing agricultural infrastructure support, and fostering sustainable livelihood diversification strategies to mitigate socio-economic disparities. Senegal, Land Reform, Socio-Economic Transformations, Rural Communities