Urbanization in African cities has accelerated over the past few decades, leading to significant growth in informal settlements where a large proportion of the population lives and works. The approach will draw from existing literature and theories on urbanization, social welfare, and governance in developing countries to construct a comprehensive theoretical model. A robust theoretical framework is essential for understanding and improving urban governance in African cities, especially in addressing the needs of those living in informal settlements. Urban planners and policymakers should prioritise inclusive planning processes that consider the specific needs of informal settlement dwellers to ensure equitable access to social welfare services.