Ethics in Exploration: Comparative Perspectives on Archaeological Excavations and Repatriation in Egypt

Archaeological excavations in Egypt have been a source of both cultural enrichment and controversy, particularly regarding repatriation efforts. A comparative analysis of existing policies, legal frameworks, and case studies from both sides was conducted. Findings indicate a significant divergence in approaches towards artifact provenance and community engagement, with European entities often prioritising academic research over repatriation. The study highlights the need for harmonized ethical guidelines that balance scientific interests with cultural heritage preservation. Recommendations include fostering dialogue between stakeholders to establish a unified code of conduct in archaeological practices.