Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Rwanda: A Randomized Field Trial on System Reliability

The development of off-grid communities systems in Rwanda aims to provide sustainable energy solutions for remote areas. A randomized field trial was conducted with 100 households across five districts, using a logistic regression model to assess the impact of environmental factors on system performance. System reliability varied significantly between districts (district A: 82%, district B: 75%), suggesting that local conditions influence system effectiveness. Local adaptation strategies are essential for improving the reliability and sustainability of off-grid systems in Rwanda. Further research should focus on identifying optimal energy solutions tailored to specific environmental contexts. off-grid communities, reliability, randomized trial, logistic regression, rural electrification The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.