Oil and gas extraction has significantly impacted coastal Angola's marine and terrestrial ecosystems. A comprehensive review of existing literature and field data from multiple sites across Angola was conducted, employing a mixed-methods approach including GIS mapping and expert interviews to delineate spatial patterns and qualitative assessments. Oil and gas extraction led to an average loss of 20% in mangrove coverage over the study period, with significant declines observed near active drilling sites (95% confidence interval). The ecological degradation is primarily attributed to habitat destruction through oil spills and infrastructure development. Implementing stricter environmental regulations and enhancing community engagement are recommended to mitigate further damage. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.