Climate-Resilient Design Strategies for Coastal Ghanaian Urban Drainage Systems, 2005

Coastal Ghanaian urban areas are vulnerable to climate-induced flooding due to sea-level rise and increased intensity of heavy rainfall events. A mixed-method approach combining field observations, expert interviews, and a scenario-based predictive model was employed to assess current infrastructure performance under projected climate scenarios. The predictive model projects an increase of 10% in annual drainage system capacity loss due to sea level rise by , necessitating adaptive design strategies such as elevation or stormwater management systems. The study underscores the critical need for proactive adaptation measures in coastal urban drainage systems to enhance resilience against climate change impacts. Immediate investment in infrastructure upgrades and regular monitoring of drainage system performance under varying climate conditions are recommended to mitigate future flooding risks. Climate-resilient design, coastal Ghanaian cities, urban drainage systems, scenario-based predictive model The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.