Water scarcity is a pervasive issue in Burkina Faso's Nile Basin communities, affecting agricultural productivity and social stability. A mixed-methods approach combining structured interviews with focus group discussions was employed to gather data from 150 respondents across five communities in the Nile Basin. Findings indicate that over 70% of respondents reported water scarcity as a significant factor contributing to conflict dynamics, particularly during dry seasons when competition for resources intensified. The study underscores the critical need for integrated water management strategies and community-based initiatives to mitigate conflicts related to water scarcity in Burkina Faso’s Nile Basin communities. Recommendations include developing collaborative water resource management plans, enhancing awareness campaigns about shared water rights, and fostering dialogue among community leaders to promote peaceful coexistence.