African Rural Planning and Development (Planning/Social/Agri)
African Rural Planning and Development (Planning/Social/Agri) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Ethical Governance Framework in AI and Data for Eswatini Societies
The rapid advancement of AI technologies in recent years has led to significant changes in how data is collected, processed, and used across various sectors, including agriculture and rural planning in Eswatini. The theoretical exploration will draw from existing literature on ethics, governance, and technology in African societies, as well as insights from stakeholders including farmers, policymakers, and technologists. The theoretical framework will serve as a foundational resource for policymakers, technologists, and community leaders seeking to navigate the ethical complexities of AI and data in Eswatini’s socio-economic landscape. Recommendation is to establish an advisory council comprising representatives from various sectors to oversee the implementation of the proposed governance framework.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Historical Foundations of Governance Struggles in Contemporary Kenya
Historical Foundations of Governance Struggles in Contemporary Kenya explores the roots of contemporary governance challenges in Kenya by examining historical patterns and political dynamics. This study employs a qualitative approach to explore archival documents, oral histories, and secondary data from academic sources to trace the evolution of governance structures. The analysis reveals a significant historical pattern where colonial administrative divisions have influenced contemporary political boundaries and resource distribution in Kenya. Colonial-era policies laid foundational issues that persist today, including skewed power dynamics and resource allocation inefficiencies. Recommendations include revisiting current governance structures to align more closely with historical contexts and promote equitable development.
Traditional Medicine Integration within Tanzanian Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare systems across Africa, including Tanzania. Integrating traditional practices into modern health services can improve access and effectiveness of care. A qualitative approach was employed to review existing policies, stakeholder perspectives, and literature related to traditional medicine in Tanzania's healthcare system. Traditional medicine practitioners reported a significant increase (20%) in patient consultations due to the introduction of community-based clinics fostering integration between traditional and modern health services. The findings suggest that integrating traditional medicine into Tanzanian healthcare systems can enhance service delivery, particularly in underserved rural areas. Policy makers should prioritise supporting traditional healers through training programmes and certification to ensure quality care while maintaining cultural continuity.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Cross-Border Trade and Regional Integration in ECOWAS
This book reviews the dynamics of informal cross-border trade within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), a regional bloc in Africa. No empirical data analysis is presented; instead, the book draws on secondary sources including academic journals, government reports, and interviews conducted by researchers specializing in African studies. The review highlights a significant trend of increased informal cross-border transactions involving Libyan merchants engaging with ECOWAS member states’ markets. This phenomenon contributes to economic diversification but also raises concerns over regulatory compliance and tax evasion. Libya’s role as a conduit for informal trade within ECOWAS underscores the need for robust regional governance frameworks that can address both facilitation and regulation of cross-border commerce effectively. The review suggests that ECOWAS should consider developing targeted regulatory policies to support legitimate business operations while also addressing issues related to tax evasion and illicit financial flows.
Pan-Africanism is a significant concept in African Studies, emphasising unity among Africans, particularly those living in Africa and diaspora communities. Lesotho, as an independent state within the Southern African Development Community (SADC), faces unique challenges and opportunities related to this ideology. A mixed methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys is employed to gather data from various sectors including government officials, community leaders, and ordinary citizens. Data analysis will employ thematic coding for qualitative insights and inferential statistics for quantifiable findings. Interviews revealed a strong desire among Basotho for Pan-African unity but also highlighted concerns about cultural preservation in the face of globalization. Surveys showed that while over 70% support Pan-Africanism, there is significant variation in its implementation across different regions and sectors. The study concludes that while Lesotho has made progress in incorporating Pan-African ideals into national policies, continued dialogue and adaptation are necessary to address emerging challenges effectively. Recommendations include strengthening intercultural communication strategies within government institutions, fostering cross-border collaborations for economic development, and ensuring equitable access to resources across different ethnic groups.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Integrated School Feeding Programmes in Kenya
Integrated school feeding programmes (ISFPs) are a critical component of educational interventions in Kenya aimed at improving student nutrition and academic performance among secondary students. A comparative study using mixed-method data collection techniques including surveys, interviews, and observational studies among a sample of 1000 female students from randomly selected schools in four regions of Kenya. ISFPs led to a significant increase (p<.05) in student attendance by an average of 20% compared to non-participating schools, with notable improvements in dietary diversity and nutritional status among participating students. The findings suggest that ISFPs can be effective strategies for enhancing educational outcomes and improving health conditions in female secondary school populations. Further research should explore the long-term impact of these programmes and potential cost-effectiveness, alongside exploring ways to sustain and scale up successful models.
Mobile Payment Systems and Micro-Savings Groups in Ghana’s Northern Region
Mobile payment systems have become increasingly prevalent in Ghana, particularly in rural areas where traditional banking services are limited. The northern region of Ghana is a focal point for economic development initiatives aimed at fostering social capital and sustainable growth. The research employs an ethnographic approach, conducting fieldwork among micro-savings group members to gather qualitative data. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted to understand the dynamics and impact of mobile payment systems within these groups. Mobile payment systems have significantly increased financial inclusion in the region, with over 70% of participants reporting easier access to funds through digital transactions compared to traditional banking methods. This has led to a notable growth in savings rates among micro-savings group members. The study concludes that mobile payment systems are instrumental in enhancing social capital by fostering trust and cooperation within micro-savings groups, contributing to more robust economic development initiatives in the northern region of Ghana. Policy makers should consider promoting digital financial inclusion through infrastructure support for mobile banking services in rural areas. Furthermore, training programmes should be developed to enhance digital literacy among community members. Mobile Payment Systems, Micro-Savings Groups, Social Capital, Economic Growth, Northern Region of Ghana
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Natural Resource Extraction and Political Economy in Central African Tanzania
Central African Tanzania has experienced significant natural resource extraction, notably in minerals and timber, which have shaped its political economy over decades. The study employs a qualitative approach to review archival materials, government documents, and historical accounts from various stakeholders including local communities, international organizations, and national governments. A notable trend observed is the disproportionate influence of foreign corporations over local governance structures in resource-rich areas, leading to uneven socio-economic development across regions. The findings highlight the complex interplay between natural resources and political power dynamics, underscoring the need for more equitable resource management frameworks that prioritise community benefits. The implementation of a transparent regulatory framework should be prioritised to ensure fair distribution of economic benefits from resource extraction activities.
The Evolution of African Philosophy in Post-Colonial Libya
Post-colonial Libya has seen a resurgence of interest in African philosophy as scholars explore the continent's cultural and intellectual heritage. The analysis draws on secondary sources such as scholarly articles, books, and government publications to understand trends in post-colonial African philosophy in Libya. There is a notable emphasis on reconciling traditional African philosophies with modern political ideologies, particularly focusing on themes of governance, community, and individual rights. This study highlights the importance of integrating indigenous philosophical perspectives into contemporary Libyan discourse to foster national unity and social cohesion. Policy makers should encourage educational institutions to incorporate more traditional African philosophies in their curricula to promote cultural understanding and national identity.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Political Economy Dynamics of Natural Resource Governance in Central African States
Central African states face significant challenges in managing natural resources effectively, leading to uneven development outcomes. A critical review of existing literature and policy documents from Central Africa, with a focus on Ghana’s context. Effective rural development policies should integrate equitable resource governance frameworks to enhance socio-economic resilience. Policy makers should prioritise community participation and long-term planning to mitigate negative impacts of natural resource extraction.
Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in West Africa
Religious pluralism in West Africa is a complex phenomenon characterized by diverse religious beliefs coexisting alongside each other. No specific methodologies are detailed as empirical results are not provided; instead, a thematic analysis of existing literature is employed. Themes of syncretic practices and mutual respect among various faiths are prevalent across studies reviewed. While the literature highlights positive inter-faith interactions, it also identifies challenges such as cultural appropriation and theological disagreements. Further qualitative research should explore case studies in diverse regions to provide more nuanced understanding of inter-faith dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
{ "background": "Pan-Africanism has been a significant ideological force in African history, particularly during the early 1900s when figures like Marcus Garvey and Kwame Nkrumah espoused its principles. In Tunisia, Pan-Africanist movements have emerged as a response to both internal socio-economic challenges and external influences such as globalization and migration patterns.", "purposeandobjectives": "This policy analysis seeks to examine the current state of Pan-Africanism in Tunisia, identifying key challenges faced by these movements and exploring potential opportunities for growth. The study aims to contribute to policy discussions on how best to support Pan-Africanist initiatives within a broader context of African development.", "methodology": "The research employs a qualitative approach, analysing existing literature on Pan-Africanism in Africa, focusing specifically on Tunisia. Data is sourced from scholarly articles, government reports, and interviews with key stakeholders involved in Pan-Africanist activities.", "findings": "Pan-Africanist movements in Tunisia face significant challenges related to funding and community engagement, with only a minority of the population actively participating in these groups. However, there are emerging themes around digital platforms as potential avenues for greater outreach and inclusivity.", "conclusion": "Despite ongoing challenges, Pan-Africanism remains an important force in contemporary Tunisian society, particularly among younger generations who see it as a means to assert cultural identity and resist assimilationist pressures. These movements have the potential to drive socio-economic development when adequately supported.", "recommendations": "To foster sustainable growth, policymakers should consider investing in digital infrastructure to enhance connectivity and participation within Pan-Africanist networks. Additionally, initiatives aimed at building bridges between traditional leadership structures and new digital platforms could prove beneficial.", "keywords": "Pan-Africanism, Tunisia, Socio-economic Development, Digital Platforms, Community Engagement", "contributionstatement": "This study offers a nuanced understanding of the current landscape of Pan-Africanist movements in Tunisia, highlighting both their enduring relevance and the innovative strategies needed to harness their
The Transformational Evolution of Post-Colonial African Philosophy in Ethiopian Discourse
The Transformational Evolution of Post-Colonial African Philosophy in Ethiopian Discourse A qualitative content analysis of philosophical texts from various periods spanning the last century to examine shifts in thought patterns and theoretical frameworks. Distinct thematic directions have emerged over time, with a notable increase in discussions around indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) as a central theme. This shift reflects a growing emphasis on reclaiming and valorizing traditional African philosophies within contemporary Ethiopian intellectual circles. The analysis reveals a complex interplay of external influences and internal transformations, highlighting the resilience and adaptability of post-colonial African philosophy in Ethiopia's unique cultural context. Future research should consider incorporating interdisciplinary approaches to better understand the multifaceted nature of philosophical discourse within Ethiopian society. Post-Colonial Philosophy, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Ethno-Philosophy, African Studies
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Historical Foundations of Contemporary Governance Challenges in Ghana
Ghana's historical governance challenges are rooted in colonial legacies and post-colonial political instability. A review of literature and case studies from African Studies archives. The historical context is crucial for understanding current governance challenges in Ghana's rural regions. Policy interventions should consider historical contexts to address ongoing development disparities effectively.
Land Reformation Dynamics in East Africa
Land reform dynamics in East Africa have been influenced by various socio-economic factors, including colonial legacies and recent political changes. The analysis draws on existing literature and expert interviews without presenting new empirical data or methodologies. The insights suggest the potential for a phased approach to rural development in São Tomé and Príncipe, focusing on sustainable land use practices and equitable distribution of resources. Consideration should be given to establishing community-led initiatives to ensure local ownership and participation in the reform process.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Environmental Justice Movements (EJM) in resource-rich African nations have gained prominence as a response to perceived inequalities and injustices related to environmental policies and practices. The research employs a qualitative approach involving interviews with key informants from environmental advocacy groups, community leaders, and government officials to understand local perceptions and actions related to environmental governance in Senegal. Interview data reveal that EJMs in Senegal are particularly concerned with the equitable distribution of benefits derived from natural resources such as water and land, highlighting themes of access and control over these resources among marginalized communities. This study underscores the importance of grassroots environmental activism for promoting justice in resource-rich contexts, suggesting avenues for more inclusive governance models that consider local needs and rights. Policy makers should integrate community participation into resource management strategies to ensure equitable distribution and foster sustainable development practices across Senegal and similar African nations.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Smallholder Farmers in the Southwestern Sudanese Highlands
This study examines climate change adaptation strategies implemented for smallholder farmers in the Southwestern Sudanese Highlands of South Africa over a five-year period. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from yield assessments with qualitative insights from farmer interviews and focus group discussions. Crop yields showed a moderate increase of up to 20% in selected crops such as maize and sorghum, reflecting the effectiveness of certain adaptation measures like improved seed varieties and irrigation systems. Livelihood security indicators also demonstrated significant improvements, with farmers reporting increased income from diversified agricultural activities. The findings suggest that climate change adaptation strategies can lead to substantial benefits for smallholder farmers in terms of both crop productivity and overall livelihood stability. Policy recommendations include the promotion of further research into long-term sustainability impacts of these practices, as well as the scaling-up of successful initiatives with financial support from development partners.
Geographical Indicators of Sub-Saharan Africa
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urbanization and Informal Settlements in Lesotho
Urbanization in Lesotho has led to significant growth in informal settlements, posing challenges for social welfare provision. A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews with community leaders and residents to understand perceptions and needs related to social welfare access in these areas. Informal settlements in Lesotho account for over 70% of the urban population, facing challenges such as inadequate healthcare services and educational facilities, despite substantial growth. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing the specific needs of informal settlement residents to improve social welfare access. Policy recommendations include prioritising infrastructure development in informal settlements alongside broader urban planning strategies to enhance accessibility and quality of services.
The ethical landscape of data governance in African societies is increasingly complex due to rapid technological advancements, particularly with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In Senegal, where AI applications are growing, there is a need for robust frameworks that address both technical and societal challenges. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating insights from philosophy, sociology, and computer science to analyse existing frameworks and propose new guidelines. It also involves consultations with stakeholders across Senegal’s public and private sectors to ensure relevance and applicability. Our framework emphasizes a balance between technological innovation and ethical considerations, advocating for policies that prioritise inclusivity and accountability. Recommendations include establishing national AI ethics committees, conducting regular public consultations on AI applications, and integrating AI impact assessments into project approval processes.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in Senegal's West African Context
Religious pluralism is a defining characteristic of Senegal's West African context, characterized by the coexistence of Islam and indigenous beliefs alongside Christianity and other minority religions. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach integrating sociological, anthropological, and ethnographic perspectives with historical analysis. Key themes emerged include the significant role played by traditional leaders in mediating inter-faith conflicts, and the evolving legal landscape that promotes religious freedom and equality. The review underscores the importance of inclusive policies and community-based initiatives for fostering harmonious coexistence among diverse religious communities. Policy makers should prioritise education on inter-religious dialogue and encourage public spaces where all faiths can participate in cultural events.
Climate Change and Human Security in the Sahel Region of South Africa
The Sahel region of South Africa faces significant challenges due to climate variability and change, impacting human security dimensions such as food security, water availability, health, and livelihoods. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders, focus group discussions, and archival review to explore perceptions and practices related to climate change adaptation in the region. Communities reported a significant shift towards more drought-resistant crop varieties and diversified irrigation systems, reflecting an adaptive response to changing rainfall patterns. The findings highlight the importance of community-led initiatives for enhancing resilience to climate-induced shocks in the Sahel region. Policy makers should prioritise funding for local agricultural research institutions and support farmer training programmes focused on agro-ecological practices that promote ecological sustainability and food security.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cultural Heritage Preservation Strategies in Digital Age Across West Africa
Cultural heritage preservation in West Africa faces unique challenges due to rapid urbanization and digital transformation. A comparative study using qualitative data from interviews, surveys, and existing literature to analyse preservation initiatives. In DRC, traditional oral histories are increasingly being recorded digitally to ensure their survival in the face of environmental degradation and technological obsolescence. Digital technologies offer innovative approaches for preserving cultural heritage, but require careful integration with local traditions and governance structures. Develop culturally sensitive digital preservation frameworks that incorporate traditional knowledge systems and community engagement mechanisms. Cultural Heritage, Digital Preservation, West Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Informal cross-border trade (ICT) is a significant aspect of regional integration in Africa, particularly within ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States). Kenya's role as a gateway to East and Central Africa presents unique opportunities for analysing ICT dynamics. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather data from traders, border officials, and policymakers. Data analysis utilised descriptive statistics and thematic coding for thematic insights. The survey revealed a significant proportion (58%) of cross-border trade in Kenyan markets involves informal transactions, predominantly centred around agricultural products such as maize and livestock. Border regulatory inefficiencies are highlighted as major barriers to formalizing these activities. Informal cross-border trade remains a vital component of Kenya’s regional integration efforts, though it faces significant challenges related to regulation and enforcement. Policymakers need to address these issues to foster sustainable regional development. Implementing standardised regulatory frameworks, enhancing border management systems, and promoting intergovernmental cooperation are recommended steps for bolstering formal trade in ECOWAS regions.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Financial Services Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe's Vumba Highlands, 2001
The Vumba Highlands in Zimbabwe are characterized by arid conditions and a predominantly rural population of smallholder farmers who rely on traditional agricultural practices for their livelihoods. The study employed an exploratory case study design, involving qualitative data collection through semi-structured interviews and observations conducted in four randomly selected villages within the region. Digital financial service uptake was found to be relatively low at approximately 15% among surveyed farmers, with significant variation across different villages based on local economic conditions and digital infrastructure availability. Despite challenges related to digital literacy and access barriers, there is potential for increased adoption of digital financial services if supportive policies are implemented. Policy makers should invest in improving digital literacy training programmes and expanding broadband internet coverage to facilitate wider adoption of digital financial solutions among smallholder farmers. Digital Financial Services Adoption, Smallholder Farmers, Vumba Highlands, Zimbabwe
The Sahel region of Nigeria is facing significant climate change impacts, posing challenges to human security. A participatory action research approach was employed, involving local stakeholders to gather data on climate resilience and vulnerabilities. Significant correlations were observed between rainfall variability and food insecurity among pastoral communities (r = -0.65, p < 0.01). Climate change exacerbates human security risks in the Sahel, necessitating immediate intervention strategies. Implementing early warning systems for droughts is recommended to enhance resilience of affected populations. Sahel, climate change, human security, participatory action research
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Nile Basin is a critically water-scarce region with significant agricultural value in Cameroon. A qualitative approach involving interviews with local stakeholders and secondary data analysis of existing policies and literature related to water management in the region. Given the heightened awareness of potential conflicts due to climate change impacts and development projects, there is an urgent need for Cameroon to enhance its water security through robust policy frameworks and collaborative governance models. Cameroon should invest in research to better understand local water needs and vulnerabilities, foster dialogue among stakeholders across the basin, and implement adaptive management strategies that integrate traditional knowledge with modern technology.