Gender disparities in agriculture remain significant among smallholder farmers in Eastern Uganda despite efforts to improve agricultural productivity. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, interviews, and qualitative assessments conducted among male and female farmers in four districts within Eastern Uganda. Women reported higher adoption rates (75%) compared to men (60%) for gender-responsive interventions, with themes of improved soil management practices and nutrition education being most salient. Gender-responsive agricultural extension programmes significantly increased the uptake of recommended practices among smallholder farmers in Eastern Uganda. Further research should focus on scaling up successful models and incorporating feedback from both genders to address remaining barriers.