African Marketing Journal is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Education’s Role in Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Development in Uganda
Uganda's economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, with a significant portion of its population engaged in small-scale farming. Despite this, there is limited formal education and training that prepares individuals for entrepreneurship. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, analysing existing literature, interviews with key stakeholders from educational institutions and government bodies, and reviews of relevant policy documents to understand current practices and gaps. Business education institutions in Uganda primarily emphasise theoretical knowledge over practical skills development. There is an identified need for more hands-on training and mentorship programmes to equip graduates with the necessary entrepreneurial competencies. Current business education curricula in Uganda do not adequately prepare students for real-world entrepreneurship challenges, such as market research or financial management, which are crucial for starting successful businesses. To address these gaps, educational institutions should integrate more practical training into their programmes and collaborate with industry partners to provide mentorship opportunities. Government bodies can also support by funding and promoting such initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit Access Dynamics and Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopian Highlands
The Ethiopian Highlands are characterized by a significant agricultural sector that faces challenges in accessing credit, which can hinder productivity gains. A qualitative approach will be employed to analyse existing literature and conceptual frameworks related to rural finance and agriculture. The theoretical framework underscores the importance of understanding how different types of rural credit products impact specific aspects of agriculture such as input use, crop yield, and market access. Policy-makers should prioritise improving access to diverse credit options tailored to agricultural needs in the Ethiopian Highlands.
Mobile Banking Adoption among Senegalese Households
Mobile banking has emerged as a critical financial service in many African countries, offering convenience and accessibility to underserved populations. A comprehensive review of existing literature will be conducted to identify key factors influencing mobile banking usage. The theoretical framework offers insights into the socio-economic conditions that support or hinder mobile banking penetration in Senegal. Future research should focus on developing targeted educational programmes to enhance digital literacy and encourage broader adoption of mobile banking services.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Pedagogy of Entrepreneurship in Ugandan Business Education Paradigms
The literature on entrepreneurship education in Uganda is limited, and existing research often focuses on theoretical frameworks or case studies rather than empirical evidence of its impact. The review synthesizes secondary data from various scholarly articles, books, and conference proceedings published within the last decade. It employs a thematic analysis approach to categorize and synthesize findings related to entrepreneurship education in Uganda. A notable finding is the disparity between theoretical pedagogical approaches and practical implementation challenges faced by educators, particularly regarding curriculum integration and student engagement strategies. The reviewed literature highlights the need for more empirical research to validate existing theories and identify best practices that can enhance entrepreneurial education in Uganda. There is a critical gap in longitudinal studies tracking long-term outcomes of entrepreneurship education programmes. Future research should focus on developing robust evaluation frameworks, integrating real-world examples into curricula, and conducting longitudinal studies to assess the efficacy of different pedagogical strategies. Entrepreneurship Education, Business Curriculum, Ugandan Universities, Pedagogy
Côte d'Ivoire is a West African country with significant informal economic activities that contribute to its GDP but are often understudied. The research employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with local entrepreneurs, focus group discussions, and secondary data analysis to understand the dynamics of the informal economy within Côte d'Ivoire’s economic landscape. Interviews revealed that the informal sector contributes approximately 40% to GDP across different regions, with significant contributions from agriculture and services in coastal areas. The study underscores the substantial role of the informal economy in Côte d'Ivoire’s GDP and highlights its regional variations. Policy recommendations are provided for inclusive economic growth strategies. Promoting formalization programmes that integrate informal sector workers into the broader economy is recommended to enhance overall productivity and stability.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Two-Year Impact Assessment of School-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Interventions in Southern Africa
Southern Africa has faced significant challenges in reducing HIV/AIDS prevalence among adolescents. Morocco is one of the Southern African countries with a growing population of young people and high rates of HIV infection. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The data were collected from students (n = 500) and teachers (n = 100), using a standardised questionnaire designed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS prevention. Students demonstrated significant improvement in knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention methods, with an increase of 38% from baseline scores. However, there was a notable decrease in reported condom use among students (from 50% to 42%), indicating potential challenges in behaviour change despite educational efforts. The findings suggest that while school-based HIV/AIDS interventions have been effective in enhancing knowledge and awareness, sustained intervention strategies are necessary to address behavioural changes and promote safer practices. Future interventions should incorporate more interactive methods, such as group discussions and role-playing games, to enhance student engagement and behaviour change. Additionally, partnerships with families and community organizations could be strengthened to reinforce school-based programmes.
Microfinance Institutions and Women Entrepreneurs in Ethiopian Empowerment
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have been recognised as significant contributors to economic empowerment in developing countries, particularly for women entrepreneurs who often face systemic barriers. A survey was conducted among a representative sample of female small business owners in urban and rural areas, employing quantitative research methods for data collection and analysis. The findings indicate that MFIs significantly enhanced access to finance (78%) and improved business skills training (62%), contributing positively to the growth of women-owned businesses. Microfinance institutions play a crucial role in fostering entrepreneurship among women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia, offering vital support structures for economic empowerment. Policy makers should encourage MFIs to invest more resources into capacity building and technology integration to further enhance their services.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Governance Structures within State-Owned Enterprises in Zambia
State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play a significant role in Zambia's economy by providing essential services and infrastructure. Governance structures within these enterprises are crucial for ensuring effective management, accountability, and alignment with national development goals. A qualitative approach was employed through a review of existing literature on SOE governance in Zambia and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders including government officials, SOE representatives, and civil society organizations. The analysis revealed a predominantly hierarchical structure characterized by centralized decision-making processes. This finding aligns with similar studies from other African countries but highlights Zambia’s unique context where traditional authority figures exert influence over governance structures. SOEs in Zambia face challenges related to accountability, transparency, and stakeholder engagement due to their historical legacy and current management practices. Recommendations focus on strengthening board independence, fostering a culture of compliance, and enhancing public-private partnerships for sustainable development. Strengthen the role of independent boards within SOEs to ensure fair decision-making processes. Encourage active participation from various stakeholders including civil society organizations in governance structures. Promote transparency through regular reporting mechanisms and stakeholder engagement forums.
Challenges and Opportunities for E-commerce Adoption by SMEs in Egypt
Egypt's SME sector is a significant contributor to its economy, yet e-commerce adoption remains underutilized compared to other regions. A comparative study using qualitative interviews with 50 SME owners across Egypt’s major cities was conducted. SMEs face significant technological barriers, including limited internet access (47%) and inadequate digital literacy among staff (32%). Egyptian SMEs perceive e-commerce as a promising growth avenue but are hindered by infrastructural and human resource constraints. Government should invest in infrastructure development and provide training programmes for enhancing digital skills of SME owners.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth Engagement in African Business Dynamics
Youth in Africa are increasingly active participants in business dynamics, yet their role is not well understood. The study utilised participatory action research methods involving interviews, focus groups, and surveys to gather insights from young entrepreneurs and industry stakeholders. Youth entrepreneurship activities accounted for approximately 20% of total new businesses registered annually in the Kenyan business sector between and . Themes included innovative product development and community-focused initiatives. The youth-driven entrepreneurial ecosystem is significant, offering opportunities for sustainable economic growth while addressing social issues. Policy makers should support youth entrepreneurship with targeted training programmes and access to finance to foster a thriving business environment. Youth engagement, African businesses, Kenya, Entrepreneurship
The Informal Economy and Its Contribution to GDP in Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire's economy is predominantly informal, which has implications for official GDP calculations and national policies. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of businesses across various sectors in Côte d'Ivoire, aiming to gauge their participation in the informal economy and the extent of their contributions to GDP. Approximately 45% of surveyed firms reported significant roles in the informal economy, with services being the most active sector contributing around 30% to GDP. The informal economy significantly impacts Côte d'Ivoire’s economic landscape but is underrepresented in official GDP calculations. Policy makers should consider the contributions of the informal economy when designing and implementing economic policies, recognising its importance for inclusive growth. Côte d'Ivoire, Informal Economy, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Survey Research
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Agriculture Practices Adoption Among Subsistence Farmers in Southern Mozambique
Subsistence farmers in southern Mozambique face challenges in adopting sustainable agriculture practices due to limited access to resources and knowledge. A mixed-methods study combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys was conducted in four districts across southern Mozambique. Data collection included farmer focus groups, household questionnaires, and satellite imagery analysis to assess practice adoption rates and effectiveness of interventions. Sustainable agriculture practices were adopted by 45% of surveyed farmers, primarily involving simple soil conservation techniques such as terracing and mulching in response to government incentives and training programmes. Crop diversification was less common but showed potential for increasing resilience against climate change impacts. Government policy interventions have had mixed success in promoting sustainable agriculture practices among subsistence farmers in southern Mozambique, particularly with regard to soil conservation techniques. Further efforts should focus on enhancing knowledge dissemination and providing more comprehensive support. Policy makers should prioritise the expansion of training programmes that emphasise both soil conservation and crop diversification strategies, along with targeted financial assistance for smallholder farmers. Sustainable Agriculture, Subsistence Farmers, Mozambique, Government Policy Interventions
Nutrition Education Programmes and Infant Health in Nairobi Slums
Nairobi slums face significant challenges in maternal and child health outcomes, with inadequate nutrition education programmes being a critical factor. A mixed-methods survey approach was employed to collect data from 300 pregnant women, using structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Pregnant women reported a significant improvement (65%) in feeding practices after participating in nutrition education programmes, leading to better infant health outcomes such as reduced incidences of malnutrition (42%). The findings suggest that targeted nutrition education can substantially improve feeding habits and health conditions among pregnant women in Nairobi slums. Implementing regular nutrition education workshops within healthcare facilities is recommended to further enhance maternal and infant health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a significant role in Zambia’s economy, serving as key players in sectors such as mining and energy. The study employs a qualitative approach, analysing existing literature on SOE governance, interviews with key stakeholders, and case studies of prominent SOEs in Zambia. Key governance structures such as the board composition and management succession processes show significant variation across different SOEs, indicating room for improvement to align better with international best practices. SOE governance structures require tailored reforms to enhance accountability and efficiency, particularly focusing on strengthening internal controls and promoting transparency. Recommendations include revising board composition guidelines, implementing robust succession planning mechanisms, and enhancing stakeholder engagement processes.
Developing Business Linkages between Large Firms and Local SMEs in South Africa
The landscape of South Africa's business ecosystem is characterized by a significant disparity between large firms and local small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Large firms often find it challenging to effectively engage with SMEs, which can hinder the growth and development of both sectors. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative survey data from large firms and qualitative interviews with SME representatives. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed across various industries in South Africa. The findings indicate that while approximately 65% of large firms have established some form of business partnership with local SMEs, the majority face significant hurdles such as lack of trust and inadequate communication channels. There is a notable trend towards digitalization in their engagement strategies. This study underscores the importance of fostering mutual understanding and effective communication to enhance business linkages between large firms and local SMEs in South Africa. Recommendations include establishing industry-specific platforms for collaboration, enhancing training programmes on cross-sectoral business practices, and promoting digital infrastructure to support more seamless interactions.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Climate Shocks and Supply Chain Resilience in Ugandan Agriculture
Climate shocks have become increasingly frequent in Uganda's agricultural sector, affecting crop yields and farmer livelihoods. This study aims to explore how Ugandan farmers adapt their supply chains to mitigate these impacts. Qualitative research methods were employed through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of Ugandan smallholder farmers, focusing on their experiences over the past decade. Farmers reported significant variability in climate shocks' intensity and frequency across different regions. For instance, one third of respondents experienced more than two severe weather events per year, impacting crop yields substantially. This study highlights the critical need for enhanced supply chain adaptability among Ugandan farmers to withstand climatic challenges. Findings underscore the importance of local knowledge integration in climate-resilient agricultural practices. Uganda's policy makers should prioritise investments in infrastructure and extension services that support farmer adaptation, alongside research into climate-smart agriculture technologies.
A Framework for Analysing Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption among Mozambican Smallholder Farmers
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) techniques are crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity in response to climate change impacts, particularly among Mozambican smallholder farmers who often face limited resources and adaptive capacity. The study employs qualitative research methods including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews to explore farmer perceptions and experiences with CSA practices. This theoretical framework underscores the importance of tailored interventions that address both demand-side factors (e.g., farmer motivation) and supply-side barriers (e.g., input availability) for effective CSA implementation among Mozambican smallholders in coastal areas. Local governments should prioritise capacity-building programmes, market linkages, and financial support to facilitate broader adoption of CSA practices by smallholder farmers in Mozambique’s coastal regions.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Ethical Quandaries in Business Practices During Conflict
Egypt has experienced various conflicts since , including political unrest and economic downturns, which have significantly impacted business operations in the country. This ethnographic study employed participant observation and semi-structured interviews with local business owners, civil society representatives, and government officials to understand the ethical dilemmas encountered in these regions. Findings indicate that up to 60% of businesses reported instances of corruption within their supply chains during conflict periods. Themes emerged around resource misappropriation by both state actors and private sector entities. The study reveals a complex interplay between ethical business practices and the socio-political context, highlighting the need for enhanced regulatory frameworks to mitigate unethical behaviors in conflict settings. Recommendations include strengthening legal protections against corruption, promoting transparency in government procurement processes, and fostering community-led initiatives that support local businesses during conflicts.
Behavioural Economics Foundations for Consumer Protection in African Markets
Consumer protection in African markets, particularly in Zambia, is challenged by a mix of cultural norms, economic disparities, and market dynamics that influence consumer behaviour. Not applicable By integrating behavioural economics principles into consumer protection policies, Zambia can improve outcomes for vulnerable consumers and foster a more resilient market environment. Policymakers should prioritise education campaigns on risk management and the importance of reading small print. Additionally, regulatory measures such as clearer labelling standards are recommended to align with consumer preferences.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Health Insurance Coverage Programmes' Effectiveness in Maternal Health Across South African Urban Centers,
Maternal health in South African urban centers has been a significant public health concern, with limited access to affordable healthcare options. A comparative longitudinal study design was employed, utilising survey data from multiple urban areas over a five-year period. Significant variations were observed in programme uptake and impact among different urban centers, with higher insurance coverage rates correlating to better maternal health indicators. The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions for maximising the effectiveness of health insurance schemes in addressing maternal healthcare needs. Policy makers should consider implementing targeted outreach programmes to increase programme participation and improve service quality. Maternal Health, Urban Centers, Insurance Coverage, South Africa
Microfinance’s Impact on Urban Youth Employment in Lagos, Nigeria
Urban youth in Lagos, Nigeria face significant barriers to employment, exacerbated by economic instability and limited access to formal financial services. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews was employed, targeting 150 young entrepreneurs who received microfinance support over the last year. Microfinance recipients reported an average monthly income increase of 30% compared to pre-financing levels and demonstrated significant improvements in financial management skills (65%) and business confidence (72%). The study found that while microfinance significantly enhanced the financial stability and entrepreneurial capabilities of urban youth, there is room for improvement in policy support and access to broader financial services. Policymakers should consider expanding microfinance programmes to include more diverse funding options and provide targeted training on market dynamics and risk management. Microfinance, Urban Youth Employment, Lagos, Nigeria, Empowerment Study
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Informal Economy's Role in Côte d'Ivoire’s GDP
The Informal Economy plays a significant role in Côte d'Ivoire's GDP, yet its exact contribution remains understudied. A conceptual analysis grounded in existing literature on GDP contributions from various economic sectors, including the informal economy. A comprehensive theoretical model is proposed to better understand and predict the future impact of the informal economy on Côte d'Ivoire’s economic performance. Policy makers should consider supporting the development of formal sectors within the informal economy, promoting financial inclusion and improving data collection methods for more accurate GDP estimates.
Informal Sector Dynamics in Ethiopian Urban Businesses,
Informal sector businesses play a significant role in urban economies across Africa, particularly in Ethiopia where formal sector structures often lack coverage. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis of business surveys conducted in selected urban areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The analysis reveals that approximately 45% of urban businesses operate informally, with a notable proportion experiencing rapid growth during the study period (-). While formal sector regulations provide some benefits to large enterprises, informal sector businesses often face barriers such as lack of access to finance and legal protections. Policy recommendations include enhancing financial inclusion programmes for informal sector entrepreneurs and simplifying bureaucratic procedures to reduce operational costs. Informal Sector, Urban Businesses, Ethiopia, Economic Dynamics
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Marketing Local Products in Global Markets
Marketing strategies for local products in global markets have become increasingly important as consumers seek authentic and culturally significant goods. A comparative analysis was conducted using secondary data sources such as academic journals, industry reports, and case studies of selected Ghanaian companies operating in international markets. Ghanaian companies have successfully leveraged social media platforms to connect with niche global audiences interested in authentic African products. The proportion of these companies that reported increased sales through digital marketing was notably high at 75%. The findings suggest that effective marketing strategies for local products include leveraging digital channels and understanding consumer preferences globally. Companies should focus on building brand authenticity, engaging with global influencers, and conducting market research to tailor their product offerings and marketing messages effectively.
Governance Structures in State-Owned Enterprises within Zambian Contexts
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a significant role in Zambia's economy, especially in sectors critical for national development such as energy and infrastructure. However, their governance structures are often complex and under-researched. The research employs a combination of grounded theory for qualitative insights and statistical techniques for quantitative data analysis. A purposive sample of SOE executives, regulators, and industry experts is utilised alongside publicly available company filings and government reports. Quantitative analysis reveals that SOEs with more transparent governance structures tend to have better financial performance metrics compared to those with opaque processes (e.g., a 15% higher return on assets in SOEs with clear decision-making hierarchies). The study concludes that enhancing transparency and accountability within SOE governance could lead to improved economic outcomes, offering policy recommendations for regulators and management. Policymakers are encouraged to implement reforms promoting greater visibility into SOE operations, such as establishing independent audit bodies and improving disclosure requirements.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Human Resource Management Practices in Botswana's Mining Sector
Botswana's mining sector is a significant contributor to the country's economy, employing thousands of people in various roles including human resource management (HRM). A qualitative approach was employed through a review of existing literature, interviews with industry experts, and an examination of regulatory frameworks governing the sector. The analysis identified a predominantly transactional approach to HRM characterized by high levels of compliance with legal requirements but minimal emphasis on employee engagement and development initiatives. Current HRM practices in Botswana's mining sector are largely focused on meeting legal obligations rather than fostering sustainable human capital growth, which could be improved through targeted interventions. The sector should prioritise the implementation of more comprehensive HRM strategies that include employee engagement programmes and investment in training and development to enhance productivity and retention. Mining Sector, Human Resource Management, Botswana, Policy Analysis