The education sector in rural Uganda underwent significant reforms aimed at improving access to quality schooling and reducing dropout rates. This study employed a mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from schools in selected districts. Schools implementing stronger accountability measures reported a 15% reduction in dropout rates compared to those without such mechanisms. Accountability mechanisms, particularly when coupled with targeted support and resources for teachers, can significantly impact school retention rates in rural Ugandan schools. Education policymakers should prioritise the reinforcement of accountability frameworks alongside investment in teacher training and infrastructure development.