Agricultural yield insurance policies have been introduced to enhance food security among small-scale farmers in developing countries, including Ghana's Cotton Belt. However, their effectiveness remains underexplored. The study employed qualitative research methods including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with a sample of 50 randomly selected farmers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Farmers reported increased trust in insurance schemes after the first year, leading to higher adoption rates (84% by Year 2). Agricultural yield insurance positively influenced food security among small-scale farmers in Ghana's Cotton Belt. Trust and policy accessibility were key factors. Further research should explore long-term impacts and scalability of these insurance schemes, while policymakers should ensure equitable access to coverage.