Tanzanian enterprises operate within a complex institutional environment characterised by infrastructural deficits, regulatory ambiguities, and evolving governance standards. These structural constraints significantly influence strategic decision-making and long-term viability, yet integrated diagnostic tools for assessing their impact on organisational resilience are underdeveloped. This paper develops and presents a novel diagnostic framework to systematically analyse how structural and governance factors shape resilience in Tanzanian enterprises. It aims to identify the primary mechanisms through which these constraints manifest and to evaluate their relative influence on business continuity and adaptive capacity. The research employs a longitudinal, mixed-methods design, synthesising archival policy analysis, structured enterprise surveys, and in-depth case studies. Data triangulation is used to construct a composite index measuring resilience against quantified structural and governance variables. Preliminary analysis indicates that governance quality, particularly transparency in leadership succession, is a stronger predictor of resilience than purely infrastructural factors. A diagnostic assessment of a representative sample revealed that over 60% of firms with high governance scores maintained growth despite acute structural challenges. The findings underscore that internal governance mechanisms are critical levers for mitigating external structural pressures. Resilience is thus not merely a function of resource availability but is fundamentally mediated by the quality of institutional arrangements within the enterprise. Enterprise leaders should prioritise strengthening internal governance protocols, including audit committees and stakeholder reporting. Policymakers are advised to couple infrastructure investment with programmes that build managerial capital and promote governance benchmarking. structural constraints, corporate governance, organisational resilience, diagnostic framework, East Africa, enterprise development This paper provides a novel, integrated diagnostic framework that uniquely combines structural and governance variables to assess enterprise resilience, offering a practical tool for both managers and policymakers in similar institutional contexts.