This article examines Adaptive Leadership in Complex and Changing Environments: African Institutional Cases: Applied to the Greater Horn of Africa with a focused emphasis on Comoros within the field of Business. It is structured as a mixed methods study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.