Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are a policy mechanism designed to improve educational outcomes by incentivizing parents to keep their children in school. Theoretical analysis will be employed using existing literature on education policy, social incentives, and economic development to construct an analytical model. The theoretical framework elucidates the key mechanisms through which CCTs influence educational participation and highlights areas for further empirical investigation. Future research should focus on understanding the specific conditions under which CCTs are most effective in reducing dropout rates, particularly in Sierra Leone's unique socio-economic context.