This study explores the effectiveness of community-based conservation initiatives in improving livelihoods near Nairobi slums and mitigating wildlife-human conflict. The study employs qualitative research methods including semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among local residents and conservation practitioners in Nairobi. Participants reported a significant increase (30%) in income from eco-tourism activities facilitated by the initiatives, supporting their livelihoods more effectively than traditional farming practices. Community-based conservation programmes have successfully enhanced wildlife populations while also improving local residents' economic stability and reducing conflicts through targeted interventions. Further research should be conducted to assess long-term sustainability of these programmes and explore potential synergies with other development initiatives.