The Nile Basin of Tanzania is facing water scarcity issues that have implications for both economic development and social stability. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with local stakeholders and quantitative analysis using secondary data sources to assess current water management practices and their effectiveness in conflict prevention. Water scarcity is particularly acute in the lower Nile Basin, affecting agricultural productivity and leading to significant social unrest among communities dependent on these resources. The existing water management systems are largely inadequate for addressing emerging challenges. The findings suggest that a comprehensive integrated approach involving policy reforms, community education programmes, and improved infrastructure investment is necessary to mitigate conflicts arising from water scarcity in the Nile Basin of Tanzania. Develop and implement targeted interventions such as rainwater harvesting projects, efficient irrigation systems, and public awareness campaigns focusing on sustainable water use practices. Strengthen local governance structures to facilitate equitable distribution of resources.