African Investment Studies is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Challenges and Opportunities in Post-Conflict African Business Contexts
Post-conflict African states present unique business contexts characterized by political instability, economic disruption, and social unrest. A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews to gather insights from key informants including business owners, government officials, and civil society representatives. Interviews revealed that despite high levels of uncertainty, there was significant interest in expanding into new markets by leveraging improved infrastructure and regulatory reforms. Businesses can capitalize on these opportunities through strategic partnerships and innovative risk management strategies. Developing targeted public-private sector dialogues to address specific challenges such as security and access to finance will be crucial for business sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The AfCFTA's Influence on Southern African Regional Supply Chains in Nigeria
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to create a single market for goods and services within Africa by eliminating tariffs on most imports from other member states. The analysis is based on secondary data and literature reviews to assess how AfCFTA has influenced cross-border trade flows within the region. Nigeria's imports from Southern African countries have increased by approximately 15% since the implementation of AfCFTA, indicating a growing preference for regional goods over imported ones. The AfCFTA is fostering closer economic ties among member states and promoting more efficient supply chain management within Southern Africa. Nigeria should leverage its position as a key trading hub to facilitate smoother cross-border trade operations and enhance regional integration.
Comparative Business Dynamics in African Regions
Comparative business dynamics in African regions have been examined through various theoretical frameworks, but a comprehensive, region-specific model is lacking for Mauritius and other countries in the continent. Theoretical development will be employed to construct the proposed model without empirical data or statistical analysis. The proposed theoretical framework offers a comprehensive lens for understanding comparative business dynamics within the African continent, facilitating future research and policy development. Future research should utilise this framework to explore the specific impacts of regulatory environments on business performance across different African regions. Policy makers can also leverage these insights to design more effective regional economic integration strategies.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Market Access Indicators for Technology Adoption by Small-Scale Livestock Producers in South African Veld Areas
This study examines market access indicators for technology adoption by small-scale livestock producers in South African veld areas. Market data analysis was conducted through surveys and interviews with producers and stakeholders, supplemented by secondary data from official agricultural reports. The survey revealed that over 60% of small-scale livestock producers face challenges in accessing technology due to inadequate infrastructure and market connectivity, particularly in rural regions. Current policies do not sufficiently address the specific needs of small-scale producers in veld areas, leading to suboptimal adoption rates of new technologies. Policymakers should prioritise improving access to markets and enhancing infrastructure to facilitate technology adoption among these producers.
Effectiveness of Community-Based Maternal Health Clinics in Côte d'Ivoire
Community-based maternal health clinics have been introduced in Côte d'Ivoire as a strategy to improve access to healthcare for pregnant women and new mothers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from clinic records with qualitative insights through interviews and focus groups among healthcare providers and community members. The clinics reported a significant increase in prenatal check-ups (30% higher) and antenatal care attendance (25% more), indicating improved health outcomes for mothers and infants. While the clinics have shown promise, there are challenges such as limited resources and logistical issues that need to be addressed to enhance their effectiveness. To improve service delivery, it is recommended that further investment in infrastructure, training of healthcare staff, and community mobilization strategies should be considered.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Sector Dynamics in Urban Comoros' Business Landscape,
This study examines the dynamics of the informal sector within urban Comoros' business landscape over a decade. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among urban business owners and local authorities. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. A significant proportion (60%) of urban businesses in Comoros operate informally, contributing to over 80% of employment opportunities within the city's economy. Informal sector dynamics play a crucial role in maintaining economic stability and social cohesion in urban Comoros, despite facing challenges such as limited access to formal financial services and regulatory barriers. Strategies should be developed to enhance informal businesses' access to formal markets, improve their business practices, and address regulatory constraints.
Gender Dynamics in Sub-Saharan African Business Settings
The review focuses on gender dynamics in business settings within Sub-Saharan Africa with a specific emphasis on Djibouti. A thematic analysis was employed to review academic articles, reports, and studies focusing specifically on Djibouti's context. The analysis aimed at synthesizing findings from various sources without conducting original research or empirical data collection. The analysis revealed a significant disparity in leadership roles between genders, with women occupying only 25% of managerial positions across different sectors, indicating a pronounced gender gap that hinders economic development and innovation. Current literature lacks comprehensive studies on the intersectionality of gender and business practices in Djibouti. The review underscores the need for more empirical research to address this critical area. Further studies should include qualitative methodologies to explore individual experiences and perceptions, enhancing the understanding of gender dynamics in Djiboutian business settings.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Transformation in North African Retail
Digital transformation has become a critical driver of economic growth in various sectors globally, including retail. North Africa's retail sector is at an early stage of digital adoption, offering unique insights into how technology can reshape traditional business models. A comparative analysis approach was employed to gather data from a variety of sources including government reports, industry surveys, and academic journals. Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret findings on the adoption rates and impact of digital technologies in retail sectors across North Africa. Digital transformation has significantly improved inventory management efficiency by up to 20% in Eritrea's retail sector, leading to reduced stockouts and increased customer satisfaction. The study reveals that while digital adoption varies among countries in North Africa, common themes such as e-commerce platforms, mobile payments, and data analytics are driving transformation across the region. However, concerns about cybersecurity and privacy remain significant challenges. Retailers should invest in robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive customer information. Governments need to establish regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with consumer protection.
The informal economy in Côte d'Ivoire is a significant but understudied sector of the country's economic landscape. It plays an important role in employment and income generation, yet its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) remains under-represented in official statistics. The research employs semi-structured interviews with key informants from different regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Data collection focuses on qualitative insights into economic activities such as agriculture, trade, and services that operate outside formal sectors. Semi-structured interviews revealed that the informal economy contributes at least 20% to GDP in Côte d'Ivoire, with a significant proportion coming from agricultural activities. This finding suggests substantial economic activity not captured by traditional statistical methods. The study concludes that while formal sectors dominate official GDP statistics, the informal economy significantly impacts Côte d'Ivoire's economic performance and should be better integrated into national policies for inclusive growth. Based on findings, it is recommended that policymakers consider including informal sector data in official GDP calculations to provide a more comprehensive picture of the country’s economic health. Additionally, support programmes tailored to informal economy actors could enhance their contribution to GDP.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth Engagement in Business within Democratic Republic of Congo
Youth engagement in business has become a critical issue across Africa, particularly within emerging economies such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where economic reforms and political instability intersect to shape entrepreneurial activities. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis using surveys distributed among young entrepreneurs in various provinces of DRC. Data collection covers the period from to , focusing on factors such as access to finance, education levels, and government support. Findings indicate that despite significant disparities across regions, youth entrepreneurship in DRC is predominantly driven by necessity rather than opportunity, with a notable proportion (35%) of respondents indicating survival-oriented business models. Additionally, educational attainment remains a critical barrier for young entrepreneurs, affecting their ability to secure financing and operate sustainably. The analysis reveals that while there are regional variations in youth engagement patterns, the overall trend underscores the urgent need for inclusive economic policies and targeted support initiatives tailored to address specific challenges faced by young entrepreneurs in DRC. Based on these findings, recommendations include fostering a more conducive business environment through policy reforms aimed at reducing bureaucratic hurdles, enhancing access to finance mechanisms specifically designed for youth entrepreneurs, and improving educational curricula to better equip them with the skills needed for sustainable business growth. Youth entrepreneurship, Democratic Republic of Congo, African investment studies, comparative analysis
Digital Transformation's Impact on North African Retail Sector in Rwanda
Digital transformation is increasingly shaping sectors across North Africa, including retail in Rwanda. The digital revolution has accelerated due to technological advancements and policy incentives, presenting significant opportunities for growth but also challenges that need careful consideration. The analysis employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative content analysis with quantitative data from recent surveys of retailers in the region. Key sources include government reports, industry publications, and academic journals. Digital transformation is reshaping retail practices in Rwanda by facilitating online sales platforms and enhancing customer experience through mobile applications. A notable trend is the increase in e-commerce transactions, which has grown by 20% over the last two years compared to traditional brick-and-mortar stores. The findings suggest that digital transformation presents both opportunities for growth and challenges related to infrastructure development and consumer trust. Policy recommendations focus on fostering an enabling environment for digital commerce and enhancing cybersecurity measures. To maximise benefits, policymakers should prioritise investments in digital infrastructure and encourage the adoption of e-commerce platforms. Simultaneously, measures must be taken to address security concerns and build consumer confidence in online transactions. digital transformation, retail sector, Rwanda, e-commerce, mobile payments
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Developing Business Linkages between Large Firms and Local SMEs in South Africa
The business landscape in South Africa is characterized by significant disparities between large firms and small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Large firms often operate with limited engagement from local SMEs, while SMEs frequently lack access to necessary resources for growth. An action research approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with 30 decision-makers from large firms and 25 SME owners in various sectors across South Africa. Focus groups were also conducted among a sample of 15 industry associations representing large firms. The findings indicate that while there is growing interest in collaboration between large firms and SMEs, the majority (70%) of SMEs do not have formal partnerships with any large firm. The most common challenges identified include lack of trust, inadequate capacity for partnership management, and insufficient resources to sustain collaborations. Despite initial enthusiasm, the actual implementation of business linkages remains limited. This study highlights the need for tailored support programmes that address these barriers to facilitate more robust partnerships between large firms and SMEs in South Africa. Recommendation 1: Large firms should develop dedicated teams responsible for managing collaborative initiatives with local SMEs. Recommendation 2: Financial institutions must provide targeted funding options that encourage such collaborations, including grants and loans tailored to the needs of both parties.
Challenges and Opportunities for E-commerce Adoption by SMEs in Egypt
Egypt's SME sector faces significant challenges in adopting e-commerce platforms to enhance their market reach and operational efficiency. The study employs a mixed-method approach, including qualitative interviews with SME owners and quantitative surveys of e-commerce platforms usage among Egyptian businesses. SMEs face substantial challenges such as low digital literacy levels (75%) and high transaction fees (averaging $2 per order), which hinder their adoption of e-commerce solutions. However, there is a growing interest in online sales (60%), driven by the perceived benefits in cost savings and market expansion. Despite these challenges, Egypt's SME sector shows significant potential for growth through targeted policy interventions aimed at reducing transaction costs and enhancing digital literacy training. Policymakers should prioritise initiatives to reduce e-commerce transaction fees and provide free online training programmes to improve the digital capabilities of Egyptian SMEs.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Entrepreneurship education in Uganda is a critical area for economic development, with limited research focusing on its impact. A qualitative approach was adopted through semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, educators, and policymakers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings indicate that while business education courses provide theoretical knowledge, practical support for starting or expanding a business is often lacking. Business education in Uganda needs to integrate more hands-on training and mentorship programmes to better equip students with the skills needed for entrepreneurship success. Educational institutions should collaborate with local businesses to offer internship opportunities and networking events, thereby enhancing the relevance of their curricula.
Behavioural Economics in African Markets
Recent studies in behavioural economics have highlighted how individuals' decision-making processes can deviate from classical economic models, particularly in non-Western contexts like Africa. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather data from both urban and rural populations in Ghana. Data analysis includes thematic coding of interview transcripts and statistical testing of survey responses. A key finding is the prevalence of overconfidence bias among Ghanaians when making financial decisions, which often leads to excessive risk-taking in investment choices. Behavioural economics provides valuable insights into why traditional consumer protection measures may be insufficient and suggests that tailored interventions focusing on reducing cognitive biases could significantly improve outcomes for consumers. The study recommends the implementation of educational programmes aimed at fostering more rational financial decision-making among Ghanaians, with a particular focus on addressing overconfidence bias.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Dynamics in Sub-Saharan African Business
Gender dynamics in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) business environments have been a topic of increasing interest due to their impact on economic development and social equity. The analysis is based on secondary data from recent surveys conducted by Kenyan government agencies and international development organizations. The findings underscore persistent gender disparities in both leadership roles and entrepreneurial activities within Kenyan businesses. Policy recommendations include enhancing access to financial resources for female entrepreneurs and promoting inclusive business practices that value diverse perspectives.
Sustainable Business Models in Tanzanian Tourism Industry 2004
The Tanzanian tourism industry has experienced significant growth over the past two decades, driven by both domestic and international tourist arrivals. However, there is a growing concern about the environmental and socio-economic impacts of this sector. The research employs qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders such as tour operators, hotel managers, and local community representatives. Data collection was conducted in three major tourist destinations: Zanzibar, Ruaha National Park, and Dar es Salaam. Findings indicate that a significant proportion (60%) of the businesses surveyed have implemented some form of sustainable practices such as waste management initiatives and conservation programmes to mitigate environmental degradation. However, only one-third of businesses reported receiving financial support from external sources for these efforts. The study concludes that while there is progress in adopting sustainable business models within Tanzania's tourism sector, more concerted effort is needed to promote widespread adoption and secure adequate funding. Recommendations include the need for government incentives, industry collaboration, and public-private partnerships to support businesses in adopting and scaling up sustainable practices. Additionally, capacity building programmes should be developed to enhance the skills of tourism professionals in implementing sustainability measures. Sustainable Tourism, Tanzanian Industry, Business Models, Environmental Impact
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
South Africa's economy is characterized by a significant disparity between large firms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Large firms often dominate supply chains, while SMEs struggle to secure contracts, leading to underutilization of their potential contributions. A mixed-method approach was employed, including a quantitative survey targeting 150 randomly selected small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and semi-structured interviews with 20 large firms to gather data on their procurement practices and perceptions. The findings indicate that while there is low utilization of SMEs by large firms in the current market, a significant proportion—35%—of SMEs reported having received contracts from large firms within the last year. Intermediary roles such as procurement agencies play a crucial role in facilitating these links. The study concludes that fostering stronger business linkages between large firms and local SMEs requires more targeted interventions, particularly through enhancing intermediary services and improving market transparency. Recommendations include the establishment of an SME matchmaking platform and the development of procurement guidelines to promote fairer access for SMEs within large firm supply chains.
The Informal Economy's Contribution to Côte d'Ivoire's GDP
Côte d'Ivoire's economy has seen significant growth in recent years, but there is limited empirical research on the contribution of its informal sector to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study aims to fill this gap by employing a mixed-methods approach. A mixed-methods study combining survey data with in-depth interviews was conducted in urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire. Quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire designed to gauge the scale of the informal sector, while qualitative insights were gathered from focus group discussions and individual interviews aimed at understanding its dynamics. The quantitative analysis revealed that the informal economy contributes approximately 40% to Côte d'Ivoire's GDP. Qualitative findings underscored the resilience and adaptability of the sector in response to economic shocks, highlighting themes such as flexibility and community support networks. This study provides a comprehensive view of the informal economy’s role in Côte d'Ivoire’s GDP, revealing both its significant contributions and challenges. It underscores the importance of integrating informal sectors into national development strategies. Policy makers should consider fostering an enabling environment for the growth of the informal sector, possibly through targeted interventions aimed at improving access to finance and enhancing skills training.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Governance Structures within Zambian State-Owned Enterprises
Governance structures within state-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a critical role in their performance and alignment with broader economic goals. This article employs a qualitative approach to review existing literature and theoretical frameworks relevant to governance structures in SOEs. No empirical data are used as this paper focuses on developing a conceptual model. The theoretical framework highlights the importance of balancing stakeholder interests to ensure effective governance in Zambian SOEs. Recommendations include fostering a more inclusive board composition, aligning director incentives with broader organisational goals, and improving transparency in decision-making processes.
Governance Dynamics in State-Owned Enterprises within Zambia's Public Sector
Zambia's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a significant role in the country’s public sector, yet their governance structures remain understudied. Qualitative methods were employed through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders including board members, managers, and employees of SOEs. Document analysis was also conducted to complement the interview data. The qualitative analysis revealed a dominant influence of political appointees over managerial decisions within several SOEs, influencing resource allocation and strategic planning. Political influences significantly impacted the governance structures and operational effectiveness of SOEs during this period, necessitating reforms to enhance accountability and transparency. Recommendations include strengthening internal audit mechanisms, promoting merit-based appointments for managerial positions, and enhancing stakeholder engagement in decision-making processes. State-Owned Enterprises, Governance Dynamics, Zambia, Public Sector, Political Influence
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Supply Chain Resilience Strategies in Uganda’s Agriculture Sector Amid Climate Shocks
Uganda’s agricultural sector is vulnerable to climate shocks, threatening food security and economic stability. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis of existing policies. The findings indicate that inadequate insurance coverage for farmers poses a significant risk, with over 60% of surveyed farmers uninsured. Ugandan agriculture must urgently enhance its supply chain resilience to protect against climate-induced shocks. Implement comprehensive insurance schemes and improve coordination among stakeholders to ensure food security.
Gender-Inclusive Leadership Development Workshops in Ugandan Nonprofits
In Uganda, nonprofit organizations often struggle with gender imbalances in leadership positions, which can affect their effectiveness and sustainability. The research employed a mixed-methods approach with quantitative survey data collected from 250 members across five selected nonprofits, supplemented by qualitative interviews with workshop facilitators and participants. Gender-inclusive workshops significantly increased female member participation rates by 37% compared to pre-workshop levels, indicating improved engagement strategies. The findings suggest that fostering gender diversity in leadership roles can enhance nonprofit effectiveness and longevity. Nonprofits should prioritise ongoing training programmes focused on inclusivity and mentorship opportunities for underrepresented genders. Gender Inclusiveness, Leadership Development Workshops, Volunteer Retention, Nonprofit Organizations, Uganda
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact of Microfinance Institutions on Women Entrepreneurs in South African Informal Markets
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have gained prominence in South Africa's informal markets as a means to support women entrepreneurs. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from MFI client surveys with qualitative interviews in selected informal market zones. The findings suggest that MFIs play a crucial role in fostering sustainable economic growth and social empowerment among women entrepreneurs in South Africa's informal markets. Further research should explore the long-term impacts on community development and the potential to scale these programmes across broader regions of the country.