This article examines Agricultural Insurance and Risk Management for East African Smallholders: Theoretical Framework and Empirical Analysis with a focused emphasis on Tunisia within the field of Business. It is structured as a working paper that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.