This article examines Urban Transport Economics and Infrastructure Investment in East African Cities: Power, Agency, and Structural Change with a focused emphasis on Senegal within the field of Business. It is structured as a perspective piece that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.