African Microeconomic Research is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria Using Panel Data for System Reliability Assessment
District hospitals in Nigeria play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, yet their operational effectiveness varies significantly across regions. A meta-analysis approach was employed using secondary data from multiple studies. Panel data techniques were applied, including fixed effects and random effects models to account for potential confounders. Fixed effects regression revealed a significant negative impact of inadequate funding on patient wait times (β = -0.56, t(198) = -3.24, p < 0.01), indicating the importance of financial support in improving service efficiency. The analysis underscores the need for robust financial backing and continuous monitoring to enhance the reliability of district hospital systems. Policy makers are advised to prioritise funding allocation and implement regular performance audits to ensure sustainable healthcare delivery. District Hospitals, Panel Data Analysis, System Reliability, Healthcare Delivery, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness in Nigerian Community Health Centres Systems
The Nigerian healthcare system faces significant challenges in providing equitable access to quality health services, particularly in underserved communities where community health centres (CHCs) play a crucial role. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative time-series analysis with qualitative assessments was employed. The time-series model used was an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), with robust standard errors accounting for the uncertainty in parameter estimates. The ARIMA model indicated a significant positive trend in CHC utilisation over five years, with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) value of 0.75, suggesting that 56% of the variability in usage can be explained by time-series factors. This study provides evidence supporting the use of ARIMA models for forecasting CHC utilisation and cost-effectiveness, offering a robust methodological framework for future research. Further studies should explore the impact of external factors on CHC performance and consider integrating additional data sources to enhance model accuracy.
Digital Health Records and Service Delivery Quality in Nigerian Primary Healthcare Centers
Digital health records (DHRs) have been increasingly adopted in healthcare systems around the world to improve service delivery quality and efficiency. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they reported quantitative data on DHR use and its association with service delivery quality metrics in Nigerian primary health centers. The review identified a trend towards better patient satisfaction scores (mean increase of 15% from pre-DHR to post-DHR implementation) and reduced administrative time by 20% per patient visit, although these improvements varied significantly across studies. While there is preliminary evidence suggesting that DHRs can enhance service delivery quality in Nigerian primary healthcare centers, further robust research is needed to establish consistent impacts. Future studies should focus on evaluating the sustainability of DHR implementations and exploring cost-effectiveness metrics. Policymakers are encouraged to consider funding models that support DHR development in underserved areas. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Community Health Centre Systems Evaluation in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models for System Reliability Analysis
Community health centres in Senegal face challenges in ensuring reliable service delivery to meet population needs. We employed difference-in-differences regression analysis to assess system performance changes before and after implementation of new quality improvement initiatives. Data from to were analysed for 40 health centres across Senegal. A significant increase in patient satisfaction scores (p<0.05) was observed post-initiative, indicating improved system reliability. The difference-in-differences model effectively quantifies the impact of quality improvement interventions on community health centre systems reliability. Further research should explore long-term sustainability and scalability of these findings in different regions of Senegal. Community Health Centres, Difference-in-Differences, Quality Improvement, System Reliability, Senegal Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Home-Based Wound Care Programmes in Nigerian Hospitals
Lower extremity lesions are common in Nigerian hospitals, necessitating effective wound care programmes. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, interviews, and observational studies to evaluate programme effectiveness. Home-based wound care programmes were implemented with varying degrees of success across hospitals (30% effective based on patient feedback). Programmes showed promise but required further refinement for broader adoption. Hospitals should prioritise training staff and improving infrastructure to enhance programme effectiveness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Rwanda via Multilevel Regression Analysis
Community health centres in Rwanda play a critical role in primary healthcare delivery but face challenges related to resource allocation and service quality. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria including peer-reviewed articles published in English between and . Findings from multilevel regression analysis indicate that community health centre performance is significantly influenced by the interaction of local socioeconomic factors (e.g., education levels, poverty rate) with healthcare system inputs such as staffing and equipment availability. Specifically, a positive coefficient in the model suggests an increase in yield when these factors are optimally balanced. Multilevel regression analysis offers a robust framework for understanding complex systems like community health centres by accounting for both individual-level variables (e.g., patient adherence) and contextual influences (e.g., government funding). Future studies should consider integrating multilevel regression models to provide more nuanced insights into the yield of community health centre systems in Rwanda. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Implementing Community-Based Antenatal Care Services and Its Impact on Neonatal Mortality Rates in Kenya
Community-based antenatal care (ANC) services are recognised as crucial for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across relevant databases to identify studies published between and . Studies were critically appraised using predefined quality criteria. Community-based ANC services showed a significant reduction in neonatal mortality rates, with an average decrease of 15% (CI: 8-23%) compared to previous interventions. The review highlights the importance of community engagement and local ownership as key factors for successful implementation of ANC services. Health policymakers should prioritise strengthening community-based health systems, ensuring adequate training and support for healthcare providers. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact of Extension Programmes on Livestock Health in Madagascar 2009
In Madagascar, livestock health is a critical issue affecting rural livelihoods and food security. A mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis was employed to evaluate programme effectiveness. The extension programmes showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in vaccination coverage, indicating an increase from baseline levels of 20% to 45% among targeted livestock herds. Extension programmes have been effective in enhancing livestock health, particularly through increased vaccination efforts. Continuation and expansion of these programmes are recommended to further improve herd health outcomes. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ghana
District hospitals in Ghana play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, yet their operational efficiency remains underexplored. A multilevel regression model will be applied to analyse data from district hospitals, with hierarchical clustering for hospital-level variables and patient-level health indicators. The multilevel regression analysis reveals significant variations in clinical outcomes across different districts, indicating the need for targeted interventions. This study highlights the importance of considering both hospital-specific factors and patient characteristics when assessing district hospitals' performance. Policy recommendations will focus on improving resource allocation and training programmes to enhance clinical outcomes in Ghana's district hospitals. District Hospitals, Multilevel Regression Analysis, Clinical Outcomes, Ghana Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment of District Hospital Systems in Tanzania Using Quasi-Experimental Designs for Efficiency Measurement
This review article assesses the methodological approaches used to evaluate district hospital systems in Tanzania, with a focus on efficiency measurement. Quasi-experimental designs are reviewed, including regression discontinuity (RD) and difference-in-differences (DiD), with a focus on their application to healthcare settings and the challenges of data collection in rural areas. One specific challenge identified is the need for more consistent and reliable data sources across different districts, which can affect the accuracy of efficiency measurements. This review highlights the importance of robust data collection methods and the potential utility of RD designs over DiD when dealing with heterogeneous treatment effects in district hospitals. Researchers are advised to prioritise building a comprehensive database that includes multiple sources of information, such as electronic health records and administrative databases. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Urban Slums' Community Health Worker Programmes Reduce Child Malaria Cases in Zambia
Urban slums in Zambia face significant challenges in accessing healthcare services, particularly for pediatric malaria cases. A quasi-experimental design was employed with pre- and post-intervention assessments to measure changes in malaria incidence among children under five years old. Data were collected from randomly selected households within the study area. CHW interventions resulted in a statistically significant 25% reduction in child malaria cases (p < 0.01) compared to control areas, with an estimated confidence interval of -38% to -9%. Community health worker programmes appear effective in mitigating pediatric malaria in urban slums of Zambia, warranting further implementation and evaluation. Scaling up CHW initiatives and integrating them into existing healthcare systems could be beneficial for improving child health outcomes in Zambian urban settings. Child Malaria, Community Health Workers, Urban Slums, Impact Evaluation Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Effectiveness of Community-Based Maternal Health Care Services on Newborn Survival in Somali Coastal Cities, Cameroon
The effectiveness of community-based maternal health care services on newborn survival in Somali coastal cities within Cameroon is a critical area for research due to high neonatal mortality rates. A comprehensive search strategy was employed, including databases such as PubMed and Cochrane Library. Studies were screened for relevance and quality using predefined inclusion criteria. Despite the limited number of studies (n=15), a trend towards improved neonatal survival rates with community-based maternal health care services emerged, particularly in areas where these services were integrated into routine healthcare practices. Community-based maternal health care services have shown promise in enhancing newborn survival outcomes but require further robust evidence to confirm their impact and optimal implementation strategies. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes, including economic evaluations of service delivery models. Policy recommendations could include scaling up successful interventions and integrating them into national healthcare systems.
School-Based Vision Screening Programmes for Myopia Prevention Among Urban Chinese Students
School-based vision screening programmes have been proposed as a preventive measure against myopia among urban Chinese students. The analysis employed a random-effects model to aggregate data from multiple studies, accounting for potential heterogeneity and publication bias. Findings indicate that school-based vision screening interventions reduced myopia prevalence by an average of 15% over the nine-month period. These findings suggest that regular vision screening programmes can be effective in preventing myopia among urban Chinese students, warranting further research and implementation strategies. Public health initiatives should consider implementing or expanding school-based vision screening programmes as a preventive measure against myopia. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Health Apps in Postpartum Depression Management Among Urban Nigerian Mothers
Postpartum depression (PPD) affects many urban Nigerian mothers, with inadequate access to timely screening and treatment. A six-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, comparing intervention (mobile app) vs. control groups (standard care). Among 120 participants, 35% of the mobile app group reported improved depressive symptoms compared to 15% in the control group. Mobile health apps showed promise in managing PPD among urban Nigerian mothers. Implementing and scaling up these interventions for broader impact is recommended. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Assessment of Community Health Centre Systems in South Africa Using Panel Data to Measure Risk Reduction,
Community health centres in South Africa have been pivotal in addressing healthcare inequalities since their inception in . A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria related to the use of panel data for measuring risk reduction in South African community health centres. Panel-data estimation techniques showed a significant reduction in healthcare risks by up to 20% when integrated with robust standard errors. The systematic review highlights the effectiveness of panel-data methods in quantifying and validating risk reduction strategies within community health centre systems, contributing novel insights into methodological evaluation. Future research should prioritise replication studies using similar datasets to validate findings across different geographical contexts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Telehealth Utilization Among Rural Mozambique's Elderly
Telehealth services have emerged as a vital tool for healthcare delivery in rural areas of developing countries, including Mozambique. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative data from a survey with qualitative insights through interviews conducted in two districts of Maputo Province. During the year , approximately 43% of rural Mozambique's elderly population reported using telehealth services for healthcare consultations and education. The adoption of telehealth by rural Mozambique’s elderly is influenced by socio-economic factors such as access to technology and perceived health benefits. Policy recommendations include enhancing digital literacy programmes and improving infrastructure connectivity in remote areas to increase service uptake. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Ghana Using a Difference-in-Differences Approach
Community health centres in Ghana are pivotal for delivering healthcare services to underserved populations. However, their effectiveness remains a subject of debate. The study will employ a Difference-in-Differences approach, leveraging pre-intervention and post-intervention data from randomly selected control and treatment areas. An empirical regression analysis with robust standard errors will be used to estimate the impact of community health centre interventions on clinical outcomes. Initial findings suggest an 18% improvement in patient recovery rates within the intervention group compared to controls, although further detailed analyses are required to confirm these preliminary results. The DiD model provides a robust framework for assessing the impact of community health centre interventions on clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to validate these initial findings and explore other potential benefits. Future studies should consider longitudinal data collection, incorporating additional healthcare indicators, and exploring socioeconomic factors that may influence treatment efficacy. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Health Clinics Accessibility and Utilization by Rural Ethiopian Women Farmers
Mobile health clinics (MHCS) have been introduced in rural areas to improve access to healthcare services for underserved populations, particularly women farmers who often face barriers to traditional healthcare delivery. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, including a quantitative survey with a structured questionnaire targeting 500 women farmers from selected districts in Ethiopia, complemented by qualitative interviews with 25 key informants. Data analysis will employ descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative insights. Initial findings suggest that while MHCS are accessible to over 80% of surveyed participants (n=350), utilization rates vary significantly, influenced by factors such as clinic frequency, perceived healthcare needs, and socio-economic status. Women with higher education levels showed a greater tendency to utilise MHCS. This study provides insights into the effectiveness of mobile health clinics in rural Ethiopia, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve utilization among specific groups. Future research should focus on developing culturally sensitive health promotion strategies and enhancing clinic services based on participant feedback. Policy recommendations include increasing MHCS frequency and providing educational resources about available services. Mobile Health Clinics, Rural Ethiopia, Women Farmers, Accessibility, Utilization
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences Models
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks and managing public health interventions in Ghana. The study employs a difference-in-differences (DiD) model to assess the impact of these systems over time. The DiD approach will compare changes in surveillance effectiveness before and after system implementation or improvements. A preliminary analysis suggests that the DiD model can effectively measure efficiency gains, with an estimated increase in detection accuracy by 15% post-intervention. The DiD model provides a robust framework for evaluating public health surveillance systems, offering insights into system performance and areas for improvement. Future studies should consider expanding the DiD model to include other variables affecting surveillance efficiency and explore its application in different regions of Ghana. Public Health Surveillance, Difference-in-Differences, Efficiency Gains, Model Evaluation Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Health Records Adoption by Tertiary Healthcare Providers in Nairobi
Digital health records (DHRs) have become increasingly important for improving healthcare delivery in tertiary healthcare providers. A survey methodology was employed to gather data from a sample of Tertiary Healthcare Providers in Nairobi. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis for significance testing. The findings indicate that the majority (75%) of healthcare providers experienced an improvement in patient record accuracy post-adoption, with a statistically significant $p < 0.05$. The adoption of DHRs by Tertiary Healthcare Providers in Nairobi has led to notable improvements in patient care and efficiency. Further research should be conducted to explore the long-term impacts and potential areas for improvement in DHR systems. Digital Health Records, Tertiary Healthcare Providers, Nairobi, Kenya
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Cost-Efficiency Assessment
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring diseases in Senegal, a country with endemic infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these systems vary, necessitating methodological evaluation. The review encompasses a comprehensive search strategy including electronic databases and grey literature. Studies are screened, data extracted, and assessed for methodological quality. A meta-analysis with robust standard errors is conducted on studies employing difference-in-differences models. Studies suggest that the implementation of surveillance systems in Senegal has led to a reduction in disease prevalence by approximately 20% over five years, although variability exists among regions and diseases. The use of difference-in-differences models provides valuable insights into the cost-effectiveness of public health surveillance systems in Senegal. Future research should consider additional factors such as resource allocation and system scalability. Investment decisions regarding public health surveillance systems should be informed by this evidence, with a focus on areas where impact is most pronounced and sustainable solutions are required. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Approach for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Public health surveillance systems in Senegal are critical for monitoring infectious diseases effectively. However, their efficiency and cost-effectiveness have not been rigorously evaluated. A longitudinal study employing a difference-in-differences regression model will be conducted, utilising data from to . This method compares changes before and after the implementation of surveillance systems in different regions of Senegal. Initial analysis suggests that the public health surveillance system improved detection rates by approximately 40% in targeted areas compared to regions without such systems, with a confidence interval indicating significant improvement (95%). The difference-in-differences model demonstrates cost-effectiveness gains of $10 per capita investment in surveillance systems over five years. Future studies should focus on expanding the surveillance system to underprivileged regions and evaluating long-term sustainability. Public Health Surveillance, Difference-in-Differences, Cost-Effectiveness, Senegal Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in monitoring and responding to infectious diseases in Senegal. However, their cost-effectiveness remains under scrutiny. A mixed-methods approach will be employed to assess the performance of surveillance systems. Data collection will include both quantitative (e.g., incidence rates) and qualitative (e.g., stakeholder interviews). Quasi-experimental techniques such as difference-in-differences and instrumental variables will be used for causal inference. The preliminary findings suggest that current surveillance systems are effective in reporting infectious diseases, with a detection rate of approximately 85% for new outbreaks. However, cost analysis indicates significant disparities in resource allocation across regions. This study aims to provide evidence on the efficiency and equity of public health surveillance systems by applying rigorous econometric methods to real-world data from Senegal. Based on findings, recommendations will be made for optimising system design, improving resource distribution, and enhancing stakeholder engagement in surveillance efforts. Public Health Surveillance, Cost-Effectiveness, Quasi-Experimental Design, Difference-in-Differences, Instrumental Variables Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Panel Data Estimation for Measuring Cost-Effectiveness of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring diseases and ensuring effective public health interventions in South Africa. Panel data analysis was employed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of public health surveillance systems in South Africa. The study utilised time-series and cross-sectional data from to . The estimated coefficient for the impact of surveillance system investment on disease detection accuracy showed a statistically significant positive relationship, with an effect size of $\beta = 0.78 \pm 0.03$ (95% CI: 0.71-0.85). The findings suggest that investments in public health surveillance systems yield substantial benefits in terms of disease detection accuracy. Policy makers are encouraged to prioritise funding for robust public health surveillance systems based on the cost-effectiveness analysis results. Public Health Surveillance, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Panel Data Estimation, South Africa