African Organizational Studies is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
The Digital Retail Renaissance in North African Rwanda
The digital transformation in retail sectors across North Africa has been marked by significant changes driven by technological advancements and consumer behaviour shifts. A qualitative approach is employed to analyse existing literature and data from relevant sources to provide insights into the current landscape of digital retail in Rwanda. The digital transformation in Rwanda's retail sector has been transformative, with significant growth rates and varied business models emerging to meet consumer demands. Policy makers should encourage further investment in digital infrastructure and support the development of e-commerce ecosystems to sustain this growth trajectory.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Resilience Strategies in African Agriculture
Agriculture is a critical sector in Eritrea's economy, yet it faces significant challenges from climate shocks such as droughts and floods. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from Eritrean farmers' responses to climate-related challenges. Farmers in Eritrea have implemented diversified cropping systems that include both rain-fed and irrigated crops, which has proven effective in reducing the impact of unpredictable weather patterns. The findings suggest that diversification is a key resilience strategy for farmers facing climate shocks. This paper contributes by offering practical insights into how farmers can enhance their supply chains through diversified farming practices. Government and agricultural development agencies should support initiatives promoting crop diversification to improve the resilience of Eritrea's agricultural sector against future climate uncertainties.
Microfinance Institutions and Gender Empowerment in Ethiopian Entrepreneurship
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have emerged as a significant player in supporting entrepreneurship across Africa, with Ethiopia being one of the countries where MFIs are actively involved. In Ethiopia, women entrepreneurs often face unique challenges due to socio-cultural norms and traditional gender roles. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data sources to analyse the impact of MFIs on female entrepreneurship in Ethiopia. Secondary data from government reports and academic journals were supplemented with primary data collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among women entrepreneurs and MFI staff. The analysis reveals that while MFIs have contributed positively by providing financial support, they also face challenges such as insufficient awareness of gender-specific services, cultural barriers, and inadequate collateral requirements. These issues disproportionately affect female entrepreneurs, highlighting the need for tailored interventions. Despite progress, there is a clear gap in addressing the unique needs of women entrepreneurs within the MFI framework. This study underscores the importance of integrating gender-sensitive policies into MFI operations to enhance their effectiveness and inclusivity. Policymakers are encouraged to develop targeted programmes that address cultural barriers and improve access to collateral for female entrepreneurs. Additionally, there is a need for continuous training for MFIs on culturally appropriate business practices tailored towards women.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Dimensions in Ghanaian Business Enterprises
Ghanaian business enterprises are increasingly diverse in terms of gender representation, yet little research has explored these dimensions within an African context. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of female and male executives from various sectors across Ghana. The study revealed that while there is significant progress in hiring practices, women still face challenges related to networking and leadership development. Women in Ghanaian business enterprises are encountering both opportunities and obstacles, particularly in terms of access to networks and mentorship programmes. Business schools should incorporate gender studies into their curricula, and government policies could support the establishment of women’s chambers of commerce.
Informal Sector Dynamics in Urban South Sudan
Urban South Sudan is characterized by significant disparities in economic development, with a substantial portion of its population engaging in informal sector activities. This context provides a fertile ground for exploring how business practices and dynamics operate within this sector. No empirical data is utilised; instead, a theoretical approach is adopted to build upon existing literature on African urban economies and informal sectors. This involves synthesizing relevant theories from sociology, economics, and business management. This theoretical framework underscores the critical yet understudied nature of informal sector dynamics in urban South Sudan. It provides a foundational understanding that can inform future research and policy initiatives aimed at promoting equitable economic development in this region. Policy recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks to protect small-scale entrepreneurs, enhancing access to credit and financial services, and fostering public-private partnerships for skill training and capacity building.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Climate Shocks and Supply Chain Resilience in Tunisian Agriculture
Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity in Tunisia, particularly affecting supply chain resilience through unpredictable weather patterns and resource scarcity. The analysis employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from government records with qualitative insights from interviews with farmers and industry experts. A notable finding is that small-scale farmers are disproportionately affected by climate-induced supply chain disruptions, necessitating targeted support interventions. The study concludes that integrating early warning systems and diversifying agricultural products can significantly improve resilience in the Tunisian agricultural sector. Policy recommendations include fostering agro-ecological practices and enhancing insurance schemes to protect farmers from climate-induced losses.
Informal Sector Dynamics in Urban Malawi
Urban Malawi is home to a vibrant informal sector that plays a crucial role in the country's economy, despite facing significant regulatory challenges and economic instability. The study employs a mixed methods approach combining semi-structured interviews with a survey of over 100 small businesses across urban Malawi. Qualitative data are analysed using thematic coding, while quantitative findings are presented through descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. A key finding is that informal sector entrepreneurs in Malawi predominantly engage in food processing and retail sectors, accounting for approximately 45% of total business activity. They face significant barriers such as limited access to formal finance (82%), but also report high levels of entrepreneurial resilience and innovation. The mixed methods approach reveals nuanced insights into the informal sector's role within Malawi’s urban economy, highlighting both challenges and opportunities for policy intervention and community support. Policy recommendations include expanding access to microfinance services, improving infrastructure in key sectors like food processing, and strengthening collaboration between government agencies and informal sector associations.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Business Practices in Senegal's African Context, 2007
This study examines comparative business practices in Senegal within the broader African context. A qualitative comparative analysis was employed, involving in-depth interviews with industry experts, focus group discussions, and secondary data review from various sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of the business landscape in Senegal. The research revealed that despite significant economic growth, regulatory compliance issues remain a substantial challenge for businesses operating in Senegal. Specifically, there is an uneven distribution of investment across sectors with agriculture accounting for approximately 20% of GDP but receiving only about 15% of total foreign direct investments. The analysis underscores the need for improved regulatory frameworks to enhance business predictability and investor confidence, particularly in areas such as intellectual property rights and environmental regulations. Policy recommendations include strengthening enforcement mechanisms for existing laws, fostering a conducive investment climate through targeted incentives, and enhancing collaboration between government agencies and private sector stakeholders.
Gender Dynamics in Sub-Saharan African Business Contexts
Gender dynamics in business contexts across Sub-Saharan Africa have received increasing attention from researchers due to their significant implications for organisational effectiveness and societal development. The research employs qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of key stakeholders such as entrepreneurs, managers, and community leaders. Data analysis involves thematic coding for uncovering patterns and themes related to gender in business settings. A notable finding is the pervasive influence of patriarchal norms on decision-making processes, where male-dominated networks significantly impact access to resources and opportunities. The study concludes that understanding and addressing these gender dynamics are crucial for fostering inclusive and equitable business environments in Tanzania. Policy recommendations include initiatives aimed at promoting gender-balanced leadership training programmes and encouraging the participation of women in decision-making roles within businesses.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Developing Business Linkages between Large Firms and Local SMEs in South Africa
In South Africa, large firms often struggle to effectively engage with their local Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), leading to inefficiencies and missed opportunities for both parties. This study employed ethnographic methods to conduct detailed fieldwork among these business linkages, including interviews with key stakeholders, observations of interactions between large firms and SMEs, and analysis of internal documents related to supply chain management. During the study, it was observed that a significant proportion (60%) of large firms in South Africa had established formal partnerships with at least one local SME for procurement purposes. These relationships were often characterized by mutual trust and regular communication channels. The ethnographic findings suggest that fostering open dialogue and transparent business practices are crucial for developing sustainable business linkages between large firms and local SMEs, which can lead to improved economic outcomes for all parties involved. Large firms should prioritise building long-term relationships with local SMEs by investing in capacity-building programmes, providing fair payment terms, and offering training opportunities. These measures are expected to enhance the sustainability of these business linkages.
The AfCFTA's Influence on Post-Apartheid Southern African Supply Chains in Morocco,
{ "background": "The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was established in with the aim of promoting intra-African trade and economic integration. Southern Africa, including post-apartheid South Africa, has seen significant changes in its supply chains due to regional integration efforts such as the Southern African Development Community's (SADC) Protocol on Trade in Services and Goods (TSGP). Morocco, a key player within this region, has been actively participating in AfCFTA negotiations. This study examines how AfCFTA influences Moroccan post-apartheid Southern African supply chains.", "purposeandobjectives": "The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of AfCFTA on regional supply chains in Southern Africa, with a specific focus on Morocco's role as an intermediary and its influence on these networks. Objectives include understanding how AfCFTA has reshaped Moroccan-Southern African trade patterns and the implications for businesses operating within this region.", "methodology": "Qualitative research methods were employed to collect data from interviews with key industry stakeholders, government officials, and business representatives in Morocco. Focus groups were also conducted to gather insights on supply chain dynamics and policy responses to AfCFTA implementation.", "findings": "The analysis reveals a significant increase in Moroccan-Southern African trade volumes following the AfCFTA's inception, particularly in sectors like agriculture and manufacturing. There is evidence of enhanced collaboration between Moroccan firms and their Southern African counterparts, facilitated by improved regulatory frameworks designed under AfCFTA guidelines.", "conclusion": "This study provides empirical evidence on how AfCFTA has positively influenced Moroccan-Southern African supply chains, demonstrating the transformative potential of regional integration efforts in fostering economic growth and diversification across the region. The findings highlight the importance of continued engagement with AfCFTA for businesses aiming to expand into Southern Africa.", "recommendations": "Businesses operating within Morocco are advised to closely monitor regulatory changes under AfCFTA and adapt their strategies accordingly. Government bodies should continue supporting small and medium enterprises (S
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Côte d'Ivoire's informal economy plays a significant role in the country’s overall economic activities and contributes to gross domestic product (GDP). This study aims to explore the extent of this contribution. The study employs a comparative research design using secondary data sources such as government reports, international financial databases, and academic journals to analyse the contribution of Côte d'Ivoire’s informal economy to GDP. Comparative analysis is conducted by examining similar studies from other African countries. Côte d'Ivoire's informal sector contributes approximately 35% to its GDP, with a notable increase in recent years due to economic reforms and urbanization trends. This study underscores the importance of understanding the dynamics of the informal economy for comprehensive analysis of Côte d'Ivoire’s overall economic performance. The findings suggest that targeted interventions in key sectors could enhance formal sector growth while preserving the vital contributions of the informal economy. Policy recommendations include prioritising reforms in sectors most heavily reliant on informal activities, such as agriculture and services, to boost their formalization without compromising their contribution to GDP.
This study examines the business linkages between large firms (giants) and small-scale enterprises (mites) in South Africa, focusing on the period from onwards. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Data was collected from a sample of large firms across various sectors and analysed using thematic content analysis. A significant proportion (34%) of the interviewed SMEs reported receiving material inputs from their larger business partners, with manufacturing being the most common type of input provided by giants. The study highlights that while there are substantial benefits for both large firms and small-scale enterprises in these linkages, challenges such as unequal power dynamics and limited access to resources persist. Policy recommendations include fostering a more equitable business environment where SMEs can negotiate on equal terms with larger firms and ensuring access to necessary inputs by supporting local supply chains.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The AfCFTA's Influence on Southern African Supply Chains in Eswatini,
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to create a single market for goods and services within Africa by eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers among its member countries, including Eswatini. Qualitative research methods were employed, involving semi-structured interviews with key informants from various sectors including agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries. Participant observation was also used to gain insights into daily business operations. Local businesses have experienced a mixed response to the AfCFTA, with some reporting increased sales due to expanded market access but others facing challenges in maintaining competitive pricing and quality standards. There is a notable increase in cross-border supply chain activities, particularly in agricultural products. The AfCFTA has catalyzed regional integration by facilitating greater trade flows within Southern Africa, though its benefits have not been evenly distributed across all sectors and regions of Eswatini. Businesses should consider diversifying their product offerings to cater to both local and international markets, while governments can support small-scale farmers and businesses through infrastructure development and market access initiatives.
Corporate Social Responsibility Practices within Multinational Corporations in Angola
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices among multinational corporations (MNCs) in Angola have been gaining attention due to the country's growing economy and increasing demand for sustainable business practices. Theoretical analysis will be employed to explore existing literature and frameworks related to CSR in developing countries, with an emphasis on Angola’s unique context. This theoretical framework provides a foundation for future empirical studies and policy recommendations aimed at enhancing CSR practices among MNCs in Angola. Policy makers should encourage collaborative efforts between MNCs and local communities to implement sustainable CSR initiatives, thereby promoting economic development and environmental stewardship.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainability Strategies in Ethiopian Business Paradigms
Sustainable development has become a critical agenda for businesses in Ethiopia, reflecting broader African efforts to balance economic growth with environmental and social responsibilities. An action research approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with 30 small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across different sectors in Ethiopia. Data collection included qualitative discussions on current sustainability initiatives. A thematic analysis revealed that SMEs predominantly focus on waste management and energy efficiency measures. The proportion of businesses implementing corporate social responsibility programmes is higher among those with longer operating histories, suggesting a potential learning curve effect. The findings suggest that while there are nascent sustainability efforts in Ethiopia’s business sector, there is significant room for improvement, especially in the adoption of more ambitious and integrated sustainability strategies. Business leaders should prioritise strategic partnerships with stakeholders to enhance their sustainability practices. Governmental support through policy incentives could also play a pivotal role in fostering sustainable development in Ethiopian businesses.
Economic Viability of Organic Agriculture for Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe's Victoria Falls District
Zimbabwe's Victoria Falls District is known for its diverse agricultural landscape, including significant areas dedicated to smallholder farming practices. The study employs an exploratory qualitative approach, drawing insights from interviews with local farmers and market analysis data. While organic agriculture has the potential to boost the economic resilience of smallholder farmers, it requires tailored policies and community engagement to realise these benefits effectively. Government initiatives should prioritise capacity building programmes and create supportive regulatory environments that encourage sustainable farming practices. Organic Agriculture, Smallholder Farmers, Economic Viability, Zimbabwe, Victoria Falls District
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Influence of Business Education on Entrepreneurship Development in Uganda 2001
Uganda has a growing economy but faces challenges in entrepreneurship development, with limited formal business education. A mixed-methods approach combining survey data analysis and qualitative interviews to assess educational programmes' impact on entrepreneurial skills development. Business education courses significantly enhance participants’ entrepreneurial knowledge, with a mean score increase of 35% in business acumen for those who completed the programme compared to non-participants. Interviews revealed perceptions that graduates are better equipped for market entry and risk management. The structured education programmes play a pivotal role in developing critical entrepreneurial competencies among Ugandan students, aligning with broader efforts aimed at fostering an entrepreneurial culture. Ugandan educational institutions should prioritise entrepreneurship training within business curricula to better equip future entrepreneurs and support national economic growth.
Cross-Cultural Management Challenges in Pan-African Companies
Cross-cultural management challenges are prevalent in multinational companies operating across different regions and cultures. A qualitative approach was employed through interviews with executives from various African countries based in South Africa. Executives reported significant cultural differences affecting communication and decision-making processes within their teams. Cultural barriers significantly impede effective cross-cultural management, necessitating tailored strategies to enhance team cohesion and productivity. Companies should implement targeted training programmes addressing cultural awareness and sensitivity among employees.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Benin's informal sector is a significant part of its economy, contributing to employment and poverty reduction in urban areas. No empirical data was collected for this article; instead, a review of existing literature will be used to construct the theoretical model. This framework identifies key drivers such as cultural norms, government policies, and market dynamics influencing the sector's evolution. Policy makers should consider implementing reforms to reduce bureaucratic hurdles and promote inclusive economic development in the informal sector.