This article examines The Effectiveness of Cash Transfer Programmes: Evidence from East African Countries: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges with a focused emphasis on Gambia within the field of Business. It is structured as a qualitative study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.