This article examines Traditional Biomass Energy and Indoor Air Pollution: Health Impacts and Clean Cooking Solutions: A Subaltern Perspective with a focused emphasis on South Africa within the field of Business. It is structured as a policy analysis article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.