Agroforestry combines agricultural practices with forestry to enhance biodiversity and soil health. A mixed-methods approach including surveys, interviews, and remote sensing data to evaluate farmer practices and outcomes. Farmers reported a significant increase (20%) in average annual crop yields, with notable improvements in maize and cassava production. Agroforestry adoption has led to substantial economic benefits for smallholder farmers but requires sustained government support for scaling up practices. Invest in extension services, provide incentives for agroforestry seeds and seedlings, and integrate agroforestry into agricultural development programmes. agroforestry, smallholders, Mozambique, yield improvements, income gains