The Nile Basin of Togo is facing significant water scarcity issues that threaten socio-economic development and exacerbate potential conflicts. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with local stakeholders, quantitative data analysis on water usage patterns, and a review of existing literature. Water scarcity is particularly acute in the dry season, affecting up to 40% of the population and leading to competition over limited resources among different user groups. The findings highlight the urgent need for collaborative governance mechanisms that integrate diverse water users' interests and promote sustainable resource utilization. Implement a participatory decision-making framework involving all key stakeholders, allocate equitable water rights based on historical usage patterns, and enforce regulations to prevent overuse of shared resources.