Training Programmes for Tuberculosis Prevention among Urban Slums Residents in Accra, Ghana: A Longitudinal Review

Urban slums in Accra, Ghana, are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) due to overcrowding and poor living conditions. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in TB prevention by educating residents about infection control measures. A comprehensive search was performed using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. Studies were included if they reported the efficacy of training programmes delivered to CHWs between and , focusing on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TB prevention. Analysis revealed that CHW training significantly improved participants' understanding of TB transmission and preventive measures. Specifically, 78% of trained CHWs reported increased confidence in educating residents about cough etiquette post-training compared to baseline levels. CHW training programmes demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward TB prevention among urban slum residents in Accra, with long-term adherence observed over a period of six months. Future research should investigate the scalability of these interventions across different settings and evaluate their cost-effectiveness. Policy-makers could consider implementing similar community-based CHW training programmes as part of broader public health strategies to address TB prevention in urban slums. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.