Rwanda has undergone significant land law reforms aimed at improving tenure security for its diverse population. The study employed qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews and participant observation to understand perceptions and experiences related to land tenure security under the new legal framework. Interviews revealed that while there was an increase in formal land registration processes, community members reported mixed results regarding actual improvements in their legal rights and socio-economic stability. The reforms have not uniformly benefited all sectors of society, with some groups experiencing more significant gains than others. This highlights the need for tailored support to address uneven impacts. Policy makers should consider implementing targeted interventions to enhance tenure security among vulnerable communities in Nyabihu and beyond.