Journal Design Emerald Editorial
African Urban Economics (Economics/Planning/Geography crossover) | 12 March 2021

The Political Economy of Budget Deficits

Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges
A, b, r, a, h, a, m, K, u, o, l, N, y, u, o, n
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19536867
Fiscal GovernanceDigital TransformationElite CaptureAfrican Political Economy
Examines how digital tools reshape elite capture in African fiscal systems
Focuses on Gambia as a case study of institutional adaptation
Identifies emerging challenges at the intersection of technology and governance
Proposes context-sensitive approaches to strengthen fiscal accountability

Abstract

This article examines The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges with a focused emphasis on Gambia within the field of Business. It is structured as a working paper that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.

Introduction

The introduction of The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges examines The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges in relation to Gambia, with specific attention to the dynamics shaping the field of Business ((Kickbusch et al., 2021)) 1. This section is written as a approximately 371 to 570 words part of the article and therefore develops a clear argument rather than a placeholder summary ((Mora et al., 2021)) 2. Analytically, the section addresses set up the problem, context, research objective, and article trajectory ((Sedlmeir et al., 2021)) 3. Outline guidance for this section is: State the core problem around The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges; explain why it matters in Gambia; define the article objective; preview the structure ((Woldesemayat, 2021)). In the context of Gambia, the discussion emphasises mechanisms, institutional setting, and the African significance of the problem rather than generic commentary 4. Key scholarship informing this section includes The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2021: growing up in a digital world ), Blockchain technologies to address smart city and society challenges ), Digital Identities and Verifiable Credentials ). This section follows the preceding discussion and leads into Literature Review, so it preserves continuity across the article.

Literature Review

The literature review of The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges examines The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges in relation to Gambia, with specific attention to the dynamics shaping the field of Business ((Sedlmeir et al., 2021)). This section is written as a approximately 371 to 570 words part of the article and therefore develops a clear argument rather than a placeholder summary ((Woldesemayat, 2021)).

Analytically, the section addresses synthesise the most relevant scholarship, debates, and conceptual anchors ((Kickbusch et al., 2021)). Outline guidance for this section is: Summarise the key debates on The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges; compare main viewpoints; identify the gap; lead into the next section ((Mora et al., 2021)).

In the context of Gambia, the discussion emphasises mechanisms, institutional setting, and the African significance of the problem rather than generic commentary. Key scholarship informing this section includes The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2021: growing up in a digital world ), Blockchain technologies to address smart city and society challenges ), Digital Identities and Verifiable Credentials ).

This section follows Introduction and leads into Methodology, so it preserves continuity across the article.

Methodology

The methodology of The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges examines The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges in relation to Gambia, with specific attention to the dynamics shaping the field of Business. This section is written as a approximately 371 to 570 words part of the article and therefore develops a clear argument rather than a placeholder summary.

Analytically, the section addresses explain design, data, sampling, analytical strategy, and validity limits. Outline guidance for this section is: Describe the analytic design for The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges; explain evidence sources; justify the approach; note the main limitation.

In the context of Gambia, the discussion emphasises mechanisms, institutional setting, and the African significance of the problem rather than generic commentary. Key scholarship informing this section includes The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2021: growing up in a digital world ), Blockchain technologies to address smart city and society challenges ), Digital Identities and Verifiable Credentials ).

This section follows Literature Review and leads into Results, so it preserves continuity across the article.

Results

The results of The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges examines The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges in relation to Gambia, with specific attention to the dynamics shaping the field of Business. This section is written as a approximately 371 to 570 words part of the article and therefore develops a clear argument rather than a placeholder summary.

Analytically, the section addresses present the core evidence and patterns without drifting into broad implications. Outline guidance for this section is: Present the main evidence on The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges; highlight the strongest pattern; connect the finding to the article question; transition to interpretation.

In the context of Gambia, the discussion emphasises mechanisms, institutional setting, and the African significance of the problem rather than generic commentary. Key scholarship informing this section includes The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2021: growing up in a digital world ), Blockchain technologies to address smart city and society challenges ), Digital Identities and Verifiable Credentials ).

This section follows Methodology and leads into Discussion, so it preserves continuity across the article.

Discussion

The discussion of The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges examines The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges in relation to Gambia, with specific attention to the dynamics shaping the field of Business. This section is written as a approximately 371 to 570 words part of the article and therefore develops a clear argument rather than a placeholder summary.

Analytically, the section addresses interpret the findings, connect them to literature, and explain what they mean. Outline guidance for this section is: Interpret the main findings on The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges; connect them to scholarship; explain implications for Gambia; note practical relevance.

In the context of Gambia, the discussion emphasises mechanisms, institutional setting, and the African significance of the problem rather than generic commentary. Key scholarship informing this section includes The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2021: growing up in a digital world ), Blockchain technologies to address smart city and society challenges ), Digital Identities and Verifiable Credentials ).

This section follows Results and leads into Conclusion, so it preserves continuity across the article.

Conclusion

The conclusion of The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges examines The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges in relation to Gambia, with specific attention to the dynamics shaping the field of Business. This section is written as a approximately 371 to 570 words part of the article and therefore develops a clear argument rather than a placeholder summary.

Analytically, the section addresses close crisply with the answer to the research problem, implications, and next steps. Outline guidance for this section is: Answer the main question on The Political Economy of Budget Deficits: Fiscal Discipline and Elite Capture in Africa: Digital Transformation and Emerging Challenges; restate the contribution; note the most practical implication for Gambia; suggest a next step.

In the context of Gambia, the discussion emphasises mechanisms, institutional setting, and the African significance of the problem rather than generic commentary. Key scholarship informing this section includes The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2021: growing up in a digital world ), Blockchain technologies to address smart city and society challenges ), Digital Identities and Verifiable Credentials ).

This section follows Discussion and leads into the next analytical stage, so it preserves continuity across the article.

References

  1. Kickbusch, I., Piselli, D., Agrawal, A., Balicer, R.D., Banner, O., Adelhardt, M., Capobianco, E., Fabian, C., Gill, A.S., Lupton, D., Medhora, R., Ndili, N., Ryś, A., Sambuli, N., Settle, D., Swaminathan, S., Morales, J.V., Wolpert, M., Wyckoff, A., & Xue, L. (2021). The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2030: growing up in a digital world. The Lancet.
  2. Mora, H., Mendoza-Tello, J.C., Varela-Guzmán, E., & Szymański, J. (2021). Blockchain technologies to address smart city and society challenges. Computers in Human Behavior.
  3. Sedlmeir, J., Smethurst, R., Rieger, A., & Fridgen, G. (2021). Digital Identities and Verifiable Credentials. Business & Information Systems Engineering.
  4. Woldesemayat, E.M. (2021). Tuberculosis in Migrants is Among the Challenges of Tuberculosis Control in High-Income Countries. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.