Sustainability and Efficiency Metrics in Community-Managed Health Outposts Across Nigerian Communities

Community-managed health outposts (CMHOs) are increasingly being implemented in Nigerian communities to enhance healthcare accessibility and service delivery efficiency. A mixed-method approach was employed, including quantitative data collection through surveys and observational studies, and qualitative data analysis from in-depth interviews conducted with community leaders and health workers. The results indicate that CMHOs were accessible to approximately 85% of the target population within a radius of 2 km, but service delivery efficiency varied significantly depending on the type of health services provided (e.g., preventive care vs. emergency treatment). While CMHOs are generally sustainable in terms of accessibility, improvements are needed to enhance their operational efficiency and effectiveness. Further research should be conducted to identify best practices for enhancing service delivery efficiency, particularly in non-urgent healthcare areas. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.