Post-conflict states often face unique challenges in economic recovery and development, particularly in sectors such as business. Eritrea’s transition from conflict to stability has created a complex environment for businesses. The research employs qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews with key informants from various sectors, participant observation, and document review. Data analysis is conducted using thematic coding techniques. Local businesses in Eritrea report significant difficulties such as bureaucratic hurdles and a lack of infrastructure, but also identify opportunities for growth through government support programmes and foreign investment interest. This study highlights the complex interplay between challenges and opportunities faced by businesses in post-conflict contexts. It underscores the importance of tailored policies to facilitate sustainable economic development. Governments should prioritise infrastructure improvements, streamline regulatory processes, and provide targeted support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Ethnography, Post-Conflict Eritrea, Business Challenges, Opportunities