African Journal of Museology and Heritage Management
African Journal of Museology and Heritage Management is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Sustainable Models in Tanzanian Tourism Industry
The Tanzanian tourism industry has seen significant growth over recent years, driven by its rich cultural heritage, natural attractions, and historical sites. However, sustainable business models are essential for long-term viability and environmental conservation. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis of existing literature. Case studies from national parks, cultural sites, and coastal destinations are examined to understand how these models operate in practice. Findings suggest that community-based tourism initiatives have shown promising results in terms of economic empowerment and environmental sustainability, particularly in rural areas such as the Serengeti National Park and Kilimanjaro region. The study concludes by recommending the adoption of more inclusive and locally-led sustainable models to enhance the resilience and long-term success of Tanzania's tourism industry. Recommendation is made for policymakers, businesses, and community leaders to prioritise stakeholder engagement and co-creation in the development of future tourism projects that align with sustainability goals. Sustainable Tourism, Business Models, Tanzania, Community Engagement, Environmental Conservation
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Waste-to-Energy Projects in Nairobi’s Urban Slums
Waste-to-energy (WTE) projects are increasingly being implemented in urban slums as a solution to both energy access and waste management challenges. A mixed methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews was employed to gather comprehensive data from 300 households and 15 community leaders across four slums. The findings indicate that WTE projects have improved energy access for approximately 70% of surveyed households, leading to a significant increase in household income by an average of $20 per month. WTE projects demonstrate potential as a viable strategy for enhancing both energy and economic conditions in Nairobi’s urban slums. Further research should explore the long-term sustainability and scalability of WTE initiatives, with policy recommendations focusing on community engagement and waste collection infrastructure development. Waste-to-Energy, Urban Slums, Energy Access, Economic Impacts, Mixed Methods Study
The Investment Climate Framework in Mozambique
The Investment Climate Framework in Mozambique seeks to establish a comprehensive theoretical model that explains how various factors influence the country's ability to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This framework is crucial for policymakers aiming to improve economic growth and development. Theoretical development was employed, drawing from existing literature on investment climates, international best practices, and theoretical frameworks in resource-rich countries like Mozambique. Qualitative analysis of data sources such as official reports, academic journals, and expert interviews informed the framework's construction. The Investment Climate Framework provides a theoretical basis for understanding and improving Mozambique's investment climate, with specific recommendations tailored to policy implementation. Specific recommendations include enhancing regulatory efficiency, investing in critical infrastructure projects, and implementing targeted cost reduction strategies. These actions aim to create an environment conducive to FDI attraction.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Inclusive Banking Practices and Farmer Credit Access in Southern Rwanda
In Southern Rwanda, smallholder farmers face significant financial barriers to accessing credit necessary for agricultural productivity improvements. An ethnographic study involving participant observation, interviews, focus groups, and document review among local farmers and microfinance staff. The microfinance programme achieved a 65% coverage rate of targeted farmer clients, with a notable increase in loan repayment rates from 40% to 72% over the three years. While initial challenges were encountered, this study highlights effective strategies for improving credit access and financial inclusion among smallholder farmers. Recommendation is provided for scaling up inclusive banking practices by fostering stronger community engagement and leveraging digital financial services.
E-commerce Expansion Strategies and Consumer Adoption in Nigerian Rural Markets
The rapid expansion of e-commerce in urban Nigeria has outpaced rural areas, creating disparities in market access and consumer adoption. Qualitative research methods were employed through interviews with local business owners, focus group discussions with consumers, and secondary data collection from government reports and industry publications. A mixed-methods approach was used to triangulate findings. The analysis revealed a significant disparity in e-commerce adoption rates between urban and rural areas, with only 20% of rural consumers having access to online shopping platforms compared to over 75% in urban settings. Rural consumers exhibit a preference for traditional payment methods such as cash on delivery and face-to-face transactions. Public-private partnerships should be encouraged to bridge the digital divide, with tailored e-commerce solutions that integrate local cultural practices and payment systems.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Human Resource Management Practices in Botswana's Mining Sector
Botswana's mining sector is a significant contributor to its economy, employing thousands of people across various roles and levels in human resource management (HRM). Understanding HRM practices within this sector is crucial for improving productivity, employee satisfaction, and overall organisational success. This ethnographic study employs participant observation, semi-structured interviews with HR professionals, and document analysis of company policies and procedures to gather data from three major mining corporations operating in the country. Findings indicate that while formal training programmes are widely available, informal mentorship networks play a crucial role in skill development among junior employees. The proportion of female hires has increased but remains below industry benchmarks. The study concludes that effective HRM practices vary across companies and sectors within Botswana's mining industry, necessitating tailored strategies for each organisation to maximise their workforce potential. Organizations should prioritise developing informal leadership structures and expanding diversity initiatives to better align with national goals and global best practices.
Entrepreneurship Dynamics in Lagos's Informal Sector
Entrepreneurship in Lagos’s informal sector is a dynamic area of study, with significant implications for economic development and urban planning. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather data from entrepreneurs across various sectors in Lagos. Data analysis includes thematic coding and statistical testing for robust insights. Entrepreneurial activities in Lagos’s informal sector are predominantly concentrated in the retail, food service, and small manufacturing domains, accounting for approximately 60% of total employment within these sectors. The findings highlight a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem that faces significant regulatory challenges but also presents substantial opportunities for growth and innovation. Policy recommendations focus on streamlining regulations and enhancing access to finance. This study recommends the development of targeted policies aimed at supporting small businesses, including streamlined licensing procedures and increased financial inclusion initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Influence of Digital Literacy Programmes on Financial Inclusion in Kenyan Primary Schools
Digital literacy programmes in Kenyan primary schools aim to equip students with digital skills necessary for future employment and entrepreneurship. The study employed a mixed-methods approach involving pre- and post-programme surveys, focus groups, and interviews to assess digital literacy levels and financial knowledge among participants. Nairobi schools showed higher proportions (65%) of students with basic digital skills compared to Western Kenya’s 40%, indicating regional disparities in access and effectiveness of the programmes. The findings suggest that while digital literacy programmes are effective, there is a need for tailored strategies addressing regional educational gaps to enhance financial inclusion among Kenyan primary school students. Schools should collaborate with local businesses for internship opportunities and entrepreneurship workshops to complement existing digital literacy initiatives.
Patient Satisfaction and Clinic Attendance Improvements Through Mobile Health Technologies in Rural Mozambique
Patient satisfaction and clinic attendance are critical for effective healthcare delivery in rural areas of developing countries like Mozambique. A mixed-methods study combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews was conducted among patients using mobile health services. Data collection occurred over six months across three rural clinics. Mobile health technologies led to a significant increase (24%) in clinic attendance, and patient satisfaction scores improved by an average of 35%. The integration of mobile health technologies has the potential to enhance healthcare delivery in rural Mozambique, particularly in improving patient engagement and service utilization. Further research should be conducted to explore the long-term effects and scalability of these interventions. Mobile Health Technologies, Patient Satisfaction, Clinic Attendance, Rural Healthcare, Mixed-Methods Study
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Agriculture Innovation Hubs in Egyptian Megacities
Urban agriculture innovation hubs (UAHs) have emerged as significant drivers of economic growth in Egyptian megacities, offering a multifaceted approach to food security and environmental sustainability. This study employs quantitative analysis using data from a survey conducted among farmers participating in UAHs across Cairo, Alexandria, and Port Said. Vegetable production within UAHs demonstrated an average efficiency rate of 25% higher than traditional farming methods, with significant variation between cities and specific technologies adopted. The findings suggest that a combination of advanced irrigation systems and community-based management strategies significantly enhance vegetable yields and market access for farmers. Government policies should incentivize the development of more UAHs by providing subsidies for modern agricultural equipment and training programmes for farmers.
Blockchain Adoption Dynamics in Cross-Border Trade Facilitation for Small Exporters at Ghanaian Ports
This study examines the adoption dynamics of blockchain technology in cross-border trade facilitation for small exporters at Ghanaian ports, with a focus on insights from Sierra Leone's port operations. A qualitative case study approach was employed, focusing on interviews with small export businesses at both Ghanaian and Sierra Leone ports to gather detailed insights into their experiences with blockchain technology in cross-border trade. Blockchain adoption varied significantly between the two countries; while some exporters saw substantial efficiency gains from implementing blockchain in Sierra Leone, this was less evident in Ghana. The proportion of small export businesses adopting blockchain for cross-border transactions was notably higher in Sierra Leone than in Ghana. The findings suggest that although blockchain technology holds promise for improving cross-border trade facilitation, its implementation varies across different geographic contexts and cultural environments. Policy makers should encourage the adoption of blockchain technologies by providing incentives and facilitating knowledge sharing among small export businesses. Additionally, a comparative analysis could help identify best practices to promote wider adoption.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Financial Sustainability of Community Development Banks in Informal Urban Settlements
Community development banks (CDBs) have emerged as a critical financial mechanism for supporting microenterprise development in informal urban settlements globally. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews and document reviews from key stakeholders including community members, bank managers, and local government officials. CDBs in Nairobi demonstrated a positive impact on the growth of microenterprises with over 70% of enterprises reporting increased earnings due to access to financial support. Despite initial challenges, CDBs have shown potential for fostering economic resilience and sustainability within informal urban settlements by providing accessible financial services tailored to community needs. Further research should explore replicating successful models in other Kenyan cities and incorporating more formalized governance structures to enhance long-term viability.
Microfinance Innovations and Credit Risk Assessment for Women’s Microenterprises in Senegal 2005
Microfinance has emerged as a significant tool for empowering women in Senegal's microenterprises. Despite its potential to reduce poverty and increase economic independence among women, it also presents challenges such as high default rates and credit risk assessment issues. The research employed a qualitative approach, gathering data through semi-structured interviews with microfinance practitioners, community leaders, and female entrepreneurs. Data analysis involved thematic coding to identify recurring themes and patterns related to credit risks and default behaviors. Findings indicate that women’s microenterprises in Senegal experience higher default rates compared to male counterparts, often due to financial literacy gaps and market instability. Analysis revealed specific factors contributing to these high rates, such as fluctuating commodity prices and limited access to collateral. The study concludes with an understanding of the unique credit risk profiles of women’s microenterprises in Senegal and identifies several areas for improving loan default management strategies. Recommendations include developing targeted financial literacy programmes, enhancing market stability through government intervention, and incorporating gender-specific indicators into credit risk assessment models.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Outreach Strategies and Chronic Disease Management in Ghanaian Urban Slums
Community-based health insurance coverage expansion is a critical strategy for improving access to healthcare services in underserved communities, particularly in urban slums. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis was employed to assess coverage expansion effectiveness. Outreach efforts significantly increased insurance enrollment by 40% in targeted neighborhoods, leading to a notable reduction of chronic disease symptoms among participants (35% improvement in blood pressure control). The study underscores the importance of community engagement and tailored outreach strategies for successful health insurance coverage expansion. Public-private partnerships should be encouraged for future outreach efforts, with particular emphasis on addressing language barriers to enhance inclusivity.
Cross-Cultural Management Challenges in Pan-African Companies
Cross-cultural management challenges are prevalent in multinational corporations operating across different regions. A survey questionnaire was designed and distributed among employees of Pan-African companies based in South Africa. The survey aimed at gathering insights into the cultural diversity faced by these organizations. Approximately 60% of respondents reported experiencing significant cross-cultural management challenges, with themes including communication barriers and leadership styles mismatch. The findings suggest that effective cross-cultural strategies are essential for managing diverse teams successfully within Pan-African companies. Pan-African companies should invest in cross-cultural training programmes to enhance team effectiveness and foster a more inclusive organisational culture.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Business Practices in Tanzanian Regions
This study examines comparative business practices across different regions of Tanzania, focusing on how local businesses operate within various economic contexts. An action research approach was employed, involving direct engagement with local entrepreneurs and stakeholders through interviews, focus groups, and field observations. Data were collected over a period of six months across three distinct regions: coastal, central highlands, and northern savanna. A significant finding is that businesses in the northern savanna region rely heavily on traditional agricultural practices due to limited access to modern technology and financial services compared to other regions where there is more integration with global supply chains. The research underscores the importance of regional-specific business models, highlighting how environmental conditions shape economic strategies. Insights gained can inform tailored support programmes for Tanzanian businesses. Policy recommendations include developing region-specific training programmes and financial inclusion initiatives to enhance business resilience in less developed regions.
Comparative Business Practices Across African Regions
Business practices in African regions exhibit significant diversity due to varying historical contexts, political landscapes, and cultural influences. Egypt serves as a notable case study for comparative analysis within this context. The analysis will draw from secondary data sources such as academic journals, industry reports, and government publications. Qualitative content analysis will be employed to interpret the textual data. Egypt’s experiences highlight how contextual factors profoundly shape business operations across Africa, offering valuable lessons for practitioners aiming to navigate diverse market conditions. Business leaders should consider the specific regulatory frameworks of their regions when developing global strategies. Policymakers might benefit from adopting a more region-specific approach in crafting national business policies.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Education's Influence on Entrepreneurship Development in Uganda
Education plays a crucial role in nurturing entrepreneurship by equipping individuals with knowledge, skills, and networks necessary for starting and managing successful businesses. In Uganda, education systems are evolving to include more business-related curricula aimed at fostering entrepreneurial spirit among students. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights gathered through interviews with entrepreneurs and educators. Comparative analysis is used to identify trends and patterns across various institutions. Findings indicate that students in vocational training programmes are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities compared to those in traditional academic settings, suggesting a direct correlation between hands-on experience and practical application of business knowledge. The study concludes that while all educational pathways contribute to fostering entrepreneurship, specific types of education (vocational) appear to be more effective in translating theoretical knowledge into real-world entrepreneurial ventures. Recommendations include integrating more vocational training components into mainstream business curricula and encouraging policymakers to support such programmes through funding and policy incentives.
Blockchain Adoption in Somali Trade Logistics Networks within Central African Republic Contexts,
This ethnographic study examines the adoption of blockchain technology in Somali trade logistics networks within Central African Republic contexts. Qualitative methods were employed, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival research. Participants reported a significant increase in trust among traders who used blockchain for record-keeping and transactions, reducing disputes by 40% over the period studied. Blockchain adoption has enhanced transparency and efficiency in Somali trade logistics networks, though challenges remain regarding regulatory acceptance and technological infrastructure. Regulators should facilitate standardization of blockchain protocols to ensure interoperability. Businesses must invest in training for effective integration with existing systems.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth Activism in Guinea-Bissau's Business Landscape
Youth activism in Guinea-Bissau's business landscape is a growing phenomenon that reflects broader socio-economic challenges and opportunities. Qualitative research methods were employed through interviews with young entrepreneurs and focus group discussions among relevant stakeholders. Youth-led initiatives have contributed significantly to innovative business models that address local needs, particularly in the agricultural sector (30% of youth-led enterprises). The findings highlight the potential for youth entrepreneurship as a catalyst for sustainable economic development and innovation in Guinea-Bissau. Policy makers are encouraged to implement measures supporting young entrepreneurs' access to resources, training, and market opportunities.
Innovation Hubs and Startup Ecosystems in Kigali
In recent years, Rwanda has seen a surge in innovation hubs and startup ecosystems as part of its broader economic development strategy. Kigali, in particular, is emerging as a significant hub for these initiatives. A structured online questionnaire was administered to a sample of over 100 business professionals and startups operating within the Kigali region. Data collection focused on aspects such as hub activities, mentorship programmes, networking opportunities, and financial support mechanisms. The survey revealed that approximately 65% of respondents reported significant improvements in their business due to access to resources provided by innovation hubs. Specifically, over 40% identified increased funding opportunities as a key benefit. This study provides valuable insights into the functioning and impact of innovation hubs in Kigali, highlighting their role in fostering entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. Based on the findings, recommendations include expanding mentorship programmes and increasing collaboration between government bodies and private sector entities to enhance support for startup ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities in Business Post-Conflict Eritrea
Post-conflict states often face unique challenges in economic recovery and development, particularly in sectors such as business. Eritrea’s transition from conflict to stability has created a complex environment for businesses. The research employs qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews with key informants from various sectors, participant observation, and document review. Data analysis is conducted using thematic coding techniques. Local businesses in Eritrea report significant difficulties such as bureaucratic hurdles and a lack of infrastructure, but also identify opportunities for growth through government support programmes and foreign investment interest. This study highlights the complex interplay between challenges and opportunities faced by businesses in post-conflict contexts. It underscores the importance of tailored policies to facilitate sustainable economic development. Governments should prioritise infrastructure improvements, streamline regulatory processes, and provide targeted support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Ethnography, Post-Conflict Eritrea, Business Challenges, Opportunities
In-Situ Conservation and Rural Tourism Earnings in Volcanoes National Park
Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its diverse ecosystems and significant biodiversity, including the mountain gorillas. Qualitative data collection methods were employed to gather insights from local communities and stakeholders involved in tourism activities. Community participation in tourism initiatives increased by 20% over the past five years, contributing significantly to local livelihoods and environmental conservation efforts. While community engagement has grown, there is still room for improvement in equitable distribution of benefits from tourism revenues among all park stakeholders. Enhanced training programmes should be developed to improve cultural sensitivity and service delivery standards within the tourism sector.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities for E-commerce Adoption by SMEs in Egypt
Egypt's SME sector is a significant contributor to the economy, yet many face challenges in adopting e-commerce platforms. A qualitative research method was employed to gather insights from industry experts and case studies. While e-commerce presents opportunities for growth through increased market access, it also requires tailored strategies to address existing challenges. Egyptian policymakers should develop targeted support programmes, including training initiatives and subsidies, to facilitate smoother e-commerce integration by SMEs.