Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding public health interventions in developing countries like Ethiopia. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative data analysis using logistic regression models and qualitative interviews to assess system performance and user satisfaction. The logistic regression model revealed that the surveillance systems significantly reduced the incidence of common respiratory infections by 20% (OR = 0.80; CI: [0.69, 0.93]). The quasi-experimental design provided robust evidence on the efficacy of public health surveillance in improving clinical outcomes. Continued investment and technical support are recommended to enhance system functionality and user engagement for better disease prevention and management.