This article examines Social Protection Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Coverage, Adequacy, and Fiscal Sustainability: Gender, Power, and Structural Constraints with a focused emphasis on Ghana within the field of Medicine. It is structured as a meta-analysis that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.