Community-led sanitation programmes have been implemented in various parts of Tanzania to address water quality issues, particularly bacterial contamination in piped water systems. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from microbiological analyses and qualitative interviews with community members was employed to assess programme effectiveness. During the study period, there was a significant reduction (25%) in bacterial contamination levels in piped water sources, attributed primarily to improved hygiene practices among communities. Community-led sanitation programmes have shown potential for effectively managing bacterial contamination in piped water systems, particularly when community engagement is prioritised. Further research should focus on replicating these findings across different regions and exploring the long-term sustainability of such interventions. Tanzania, Community-led Sanitation Programmes, Piped Water Bacterial Contamination, Eastern Province