Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya, where community participation is crucial for effective vector control strategies. A mixed-methods approach combining literature review and conceptual modelling to explore the complex interactions between human behaviour, environmental conditions, and mosquito population changes. The theoretical framework highlights the importance of community participation for sustainable and effective malaria control strategies in Kibera Slum. Implement community-based interventions that prioritise education, infrastructure development, and regular monitoring to enhance mosquito population reduction efforts.