Abstract
{ "background": "The modernisation of power-distribution infrastructure in West Africa is critical for economic development, yet systematic methodological evaluations of equipment adoption are scarce. Existing studies often lack robust analytical frameworks to disentangle the complex, nested factors influencing technological transitions in the sector.", "purpose and objectives": "This study conducts a comparative methodological evaluation of power-distribution equipment systems. Its primary objective is to quantify the adoption dynamics of different equipment types and identify the key drivers and barriers influencing their uptake within the national utility.", "methodology": "A multilevel regression analysis was employed, modelling adoption rates across administrative regions and over time. The core statistical model is specified as $\\text{Adoption}{ijt} = \\beta{0} + \\beta{1}X{ijt} + u{j} + e{ijt}$, where $u_{j}$ represents regional random effects. The analysis utilised a unique longitudinal dataset of utility procurement and deployment records, with inference based on robust standard errors.", "findings": "The analysis reveals a pronounced regional disparity in adoption rates, with composite insulator technologies diffusing approximately 40% faster in urban coastal regions compared to inland areas. A key driver identified was the integration level of supervisory control and data acquisition systems, which showed a statistically significant positive association with adoption (p < 0.01).", "conclusion": "The methodological approach confirms that adoption is not uniform but is shaped by a hierarchy of technical, geographical, and institutional factors. The multilevel model provides a superior fit for these nested realities compared to conventional regression techniques.", "recommendations": "Policymakers and utility engineers should prioritise investments in grid automation infrastructure as a catalyst for broader technological modernisation. Deployment strategies must be tailored to regional capacities to mitigate spatial inequities in grid resilience.", "key words": "power distribution, infrastructure, technology adoption, multilevel modelling, regression analysis, grid modernisation", "contribution statement": "This paper provides a novel analytical framework for infrastructure studies in developing