{ "background": "The modernisation of industrial machinery fleets is critical for infrastructure development and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. However, robust methodologies for quantifying the adoption rates of advanced equipment, such as telematics-enabled or low-emission plant, are lacking, hindering evidence-based policy and investment decisions.", "purpose and objectives": "This case study aims to develop and apply a quasi-experimental econometric model to measure the causal effect of a targeted capital allowance policy on the adoption rates of modern machinery within Ugandan industrial fleets. It seeks to isolate the policy's impact from broader temporal trends.", "methodology": "A difference-in-differences (DiD) model is employed, comparing changes in adoption rates between a treatment group (firms eligible for the policy) and a control group (ineligible firms) before and after the policy's introduction. The core model is specified as: $Y{it} = \\beta0 + \\beta1 \\text{Treat}i + \\beta2 \\text{Post}t + \\delta (\\text{Treat}i \\cdot \\text{Post}t) + \\epsilon{it}$, where $Y{it}$ is the adoption rate. Inference is based on cluster-robust standard errors at the firm level.", "findings": "The DiD estimator ($\\delta$) indicates a statistically significant positive effect of the policy. The analysis reveals that the policy increased the adoption rate of targeted machinery by approximately 15 percentage points (95% CI: 11 to 19). This effect was concentrated among medium-to-large enterprises, with smaller firms showing negligible uptake.", "conclusion": "The difference-in-differences framework provides a rigorous methodological tool for evaluating industrial technology adoption policies in an engineering context. The targeted fiscal measure was effective in accelerating fleet modernisation for a substantial segment of the market.", "recommendations": "Policymakers should consider scaling the capital allowance scheme with provisions to enhance accessibility for smaller firms. Future engineering fleet