Geotechnical Engineering in Foundation Design for Expansive Soils in Sudan: An Intervention Study in Nigeria's Coastal Areas,

Geotechnical engineering in foundation design for expansive soils is crucial in coastal regions where these soils cause significant structural instability. Field investigations and laboratory analyses were conducted to assess soil characteristics and develop predictive models for foundation design. Concrete foundations showed significant settlement of up to 20% under extreme moisture conditions typical of expansive soils. The study’s findings highlight the critical need for innovative geotechnical solutions tailored to specific soil conditions in coastal regions. Implementing advanced foundation designs and monitoring systems is recommended to mitigate potential structural failures due to expansive soils. The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.