African Geotechnical Engineering
type: channel
description: African Geotechnical Engineering is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Geotechnical Engineering
items: Low-Volume Road Design Using Laterite and Stabilised Soils in South Sudan's Equatoria Region

Low-Volume Road Design Using Laterite and Stabilised Soils in South Sudan's Equatoria Region
type: item
description: Low-volume roads constitute over 85% of South Sudan's rural road network and are the primary means by which farming communities in the Equatoria Region access markets, healthcare, and educational institutions. Despite their importance, these roads are largely constructed without reference to engineering design standards, using locally available laterite and gravelly soils whose suitability and geotechnical behaviour under tropical loading conditions are poorly characterised in the published literature for this specific geographic context. This study presents a comprehensive geotechnical and pavement engineering investigation of laterite and stabilised soils from three borrow areas in Central, Eastern, and Western Equatoria States, aimed at developing practical design guidelines for low-volume road construction using local materials. Forty-two soil samples were collected and subjected to physical, mechanical, and chemical characterisation, including particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) at 0, 7, 28, and 90-day curing intervals, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) geochemical analysis, and free swell. Stabilisation trials were conducted with hydrated lime (2–8%), ordinary Portland cement (2–8%), and rice husk ash (2–8%) to evaluate improvement in CBR and plasticity reduction. Accelerated loading trials at a field wheel-track facility assessed rutting performance over a simulated 3,000 × 10³ ESAL loading history. Results indicate that natural laterites from Equatoria meet the minimum CBR threshold for unsealed base course (CBR ≥ 80%) in two of three borrow areas after moisture conditioning, but all three require stabilisation to serve as a structural subbase above weak subgrade soils. Cement stabilisation at 4–6% produces the highest
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: laterite
  topic: keywords
subject: low-volume road
  topic: keywords
subject: soil stabilisation
  topic: keywords
subject: lime
  topic: keywords
subject: cement
  topic: keywords
subject: rice husk ash
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: Equatoria
  topic: keywords
creator: Aduot Madit Anhiem
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 African Geotechnical Engineering
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19497500

Low-Volume Road Design Using Laterite and Stabilised Soils in South Sudan's Equatoria Region
type: item
description: Low-volume roads constitute over 85% of South Sudan's rural road network and are the primary means by which farming communities in the Equatoria Region access markets, healthcare, and educational institutions. Despite their importance, these roads are largely constructed without reference to engineering design standards, using locally available laterite and gravelly soils whose suitability and geotechnical behaviour under tropical loading conditions are poorly characterised in the published literature for this specific geographic context. This study presents a comprehensive geotechnical and pavement engineering investigation of laterite and stabilised soils from three borrow areas in Central, Eastern, and Western Equatoria States, aimed at developing practical design guidelines for low-volume road construction using local materials. Forty-two soil samples were collected and subjected to physical, mechanical, and chemical characterisation, including particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) at 0, 7, 28, and 90-day curing intervals, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) geochemical analysis, and free swell. Stabilisation trials were conducted with hydrated lime (2–8%), ordinary Portland cement (2–8%), and rice husk ash (2–8%) to evaluate improvement in CBR and plasticity reduction. Accelerated loading trials at a field wheel-track facility assessed rutting performance over a simulated 3,000 × 10³ ESAL loading history. Results indicate that natural laterites from Equatoria meet the minimum CBR threshold for unsealed base course (CBR ≥ 80%) in two of three borrow areas after moisture conditioning, but all three require stabilisation to serve as a structural subbase above weak subgrade soils. Cement stabilisation at 4–6% produces the highest
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: laterite
  topic: keywords
subject: low-volume road
  topic: keywords
subject: soil stabilisation
  topic: keywords
subject: lime
  topic: keywords
subject: cement
  topic: keywords
subject: rice husk ash
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Aduot Madit Anhiem
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 AJE-GeotechE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2017-12-20
publication date: 2017-12-20
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: laterite
  topic: keywords
subject: low-volume road
  topic: keywords
subject: soil stabilisation
  topic: keywords
subject: lime
  topic: keywords
subject: cement
  topic: keywords
subject: rice husk ash
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
date: 2017-11-18
publication date: 2017-11-18
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: laterite
  topic: keywords
subject: low-volume road
  topic: keywords
subject: soil stabilisation
  topic: keywords
date: 2017-06-19
publication date: 2017-06-19
date: 2017-08-19
publication date: 2017-08-19
date: 2017-07-22
publication date: 2017-07-22
date: 2017-08-17
publication date: 2017-08-17
date: 2017-11-05
publication date: 2017-11-05
date: 2017-02-24
publication date: 2017-02-24
date: 2017-07-27
publication date: 2017-07-27
date: 2017-10-24
publication date: 2017-10-24
date: 2017-07-03
publication date: 2017-07-03
date: 2017-04-23
publication date: 2017-04-23
date: 2017-11-08
publication date: 2017-11-08
date: 2017-06-27
publication date: 2017-06-27
date: 2017-07-02
publication date: 2017-07-02
date: 2017-01-21
publication date: 2017-01-21
date: 2017-03-18
publication date: 2017-03-18
date: 2017-05-27
publication date: 2017-05-27
date: 2017-07-19
publication date: 2017-07-19
date: 2017-08-27
publication date: 2017-08-27
date: 2017-12-27
publication date: 2017-12-27
date: 2017-06-06
publication date: 2017-06-06
date: 2017-04-17
publication date: 2017-04-17
date: 2017-08-15
publication date: 2017-08-15
date: 2017-06-28
publication date: 2017-06-28
date: 2017-12-14
publication date: 2017-12-14
date: 2017-07-16
publication date: 2017-07-16
date: 2017-07-23
publication date: 2017-07-23

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords

Articles
topic: section

laterite
topic: keywords

low-volume road
topic: keywords

soil stabilisation
topic: keywords

lime
topic: keywords

cement
topic: keywords

rice husk ash
topic: keywords

South Sudan
topic: keywords