Climate-Resilient Design Principles for Urban Drainage Systems in Coastal Ghana 2007

Urban drainage systems in coastal regions like Ghana's require design principles that are resilient to climate change impacts such as increased rainfall and sea-level rise. A review of existing literature and field observations was conducted to inform the development of design principles. Statistical models were used to simulate rainfall patterns under different scenarios. Simulations showed that a 10% increase in annual rainfall could lead to a 25% rise in peak discharge, necessitating adjustments in drainage system capacity designs. The developed design guidelines aim to enhance the resilience of urban drainage systems against climate change impacts without compromising water quality standards. Implementing these design principles requires stakeholder engagement and investment in monitoring and maintenance to ensure long-term effectiveness. The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.