IoT Enabled Irrigation Systems in Zimbabwean Cotton Fields: Evaluating Long-term Environmental Benefits in Madagascar

The agricultural sector in Zimbabwean cotton fields is facing challenges due to inefficient irrigation systems, leading to water wastage and environmental degradation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining field surveys with IoT sensor data analysis over a period of three years. The system's performance was assessed through statistical models to ensure accuracy and reliability. An average reduction in water usage by 25% was observed, with soil organic matter increasing by 10%, indicating improved soil health and sustainability. IoT-enabled irrigation systems have significantly enhanced the environmental performance of cotton fields, contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. Farmers should adopt these technologies for long-term benefits in terms of water conservation and ecological stability. Agriculture, IoT, Irrigation Systems, Environmental Benefits, Sustainability The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.