Indigenous crop varieties play a crucial role in food security across various agroecological zones of Ethiopia. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies published between and were included, focusing on indigenous crop varieties in Ethiopia. Indigenous crops demonstrated a significant variability in yield stability across different regions, with some varieties showing up to 40% higher yields under harsh environmental conditions compared to their cultivated counterparts. The review underscores the importance of preserving and promoting indigenous crop varieties for sustainable food security in Ethiopia. Integrating indigenous crops into agricultural extension programmes and supporting research initiatives focused on improving these varieties could enhance food security and resilience in Ethiopian agriculture. indigenous crops, food security, resilience, adaptation, Ethiopian agriculture The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.