Ethiopia faces significant challenges in food security due to climate variability and limited agricultural diversity. A longitudinal study employing mixed-methods approach including surveys, interviews, and field observations across ten selected regions. Indigenous crops showed an average annual yield increase of 15% compared to conventional varieties in drought-prone areas, with variability within ±20%. Indigenous crop varieties contribute significantly to food security by maintaining yields despite climate fluctuations. Promote indigenous seed banks and farmer training programmes for sustainable agricultural practices. indigenous crops, food security, yield stability, longitudinal study, Ethiopia The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.