Agroecological practices are increasingly recognised for their potential to improve soil health and fertility in agricultural systems worldwide. The review employed comprehensive search strategies across multiple databases, including Scopus and Web of Science, to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were established based on study design, geographic specificity, and relevance to agroecological interventions in Ghanaian contexts. A thematic analysis revealed that cover cropping and intercropping practices showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in soil organic matter content by an average of 23% compared to conventional monoculture systems. Agroecological practices, particularly cover cropping and intercropping, have demonstrated potential for enhancing soil health in Ghanaian agricultural settings, warranting further empirical research and policy integration. Further studies should focus on long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness of these practices. Policy makers should consider promoting the adoption of agroecological approaches to support sustainable agriculture development in Ghana. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.