Ugandan municipal water systems face challenges in delivering consistent water quality to rural communities, impacting agricultural productivity. A systematic review of existing studies and methodologies used to estimate yield improvements from municipal water systems in Uganda using panel data techniques. Panel data analysis revealed a 10% average increase in agricultural yields when municipalities improved their water treatment processes, with significant variability across different regions. The efficacy of municipal water systems on agricultural productivity can be effectively measured using panel data estimation methods. Municipalities should prioritise improvements in water treatment processes to maximise yield gains and enhance overall agricultural output. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.