Indigenous crop varieties play a crucial role in food security for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia's agricultural landscape. Theoretical approach grounded in socio-ecological systems theory and agro-ecological research methods. Theoretical framework highlights the need for policy interventions to support conservation and promotion of indigenous crop varieties as a cornerstone of sustainable agricultural development in Ethiopia. Develop targeted policies and incentives for farmers to conserve and utilise indigenous crop varieties, alongside research initiatives focused on their genetic potential and adaptation strategies. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.