African Agroforestry Research (Forestry/Agriculture)
type: channel
description: African Agroforestry Research (Forestry/Agriculture) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Agroforestry Research (Forestry/Agriculture)
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa, 2013
items: Risk Reduction in Uganda's District Hospitals Systems via Multilevel Regression Analysis
items: Risk Reduction in District Hospitals Systems
items: Methodological Assessment and Multilevel Regression Analysis of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania
items: Methodological Assessment of District Hospitals' Systems in South Africa
items: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences for Adoption Assessment
items: Nutritional Supplement Delivery Methods through Community Health Teams in Rural South American Villages
items: Training Programmes for Diabetic Management Among Rural Nigerian Villages
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing Reliability in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya,
items: Health System Strengthening Initiatives and Their Impact on Maternal and Child Healthcare Service Accessibility and Satisfaction Among Low-Income Families in Rural Lesotho
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of Clinical Outcomes in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria,
items: Mobile Health Applications in Rural Ethiopia
items: Methodological Assessment of Maternal Care Facilities Systems in Nigeria Using Quasi-Experimental Designs
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Efficiency Gains in Nigerian Community Health Centers Systems
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of District Hospital Systems in Nigeria
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences Models
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
items: Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Emergency Care Units in Senegal
items: Methodological Assessment of Community Health Centre Systems in Ghana
items: Methodological Evaluation of Emergency Care Units in South Africa
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda
items: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Uganda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda
items: Integration of Traditional Birth Attendants into Public Healthcare Services for Safe Motherhood Programmes in Rwandan Urban Slums
items: Community-Based Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes and Their Impact on HIV Prevention Strategies Among Secondary School Teachers in Eastern Uganda

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa, 2013
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in South Africa have been established to monitor diseases and outbreaks effectively. However, their cost-effectiveness remains a subject of debate. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to assess the financial impact and efficacy of these systems across different regions. The model accounts for variability among surveillance units and incorporates prior knowledge about system performance. The analysis revealed that certain regions benefited from surveillance systems more than others, with a significant proportion (35%) showing cost savings over traditional methods. This study provides evidence on the effectiveness of public health surveillance systems in different geographical contexts and highlights areas where improvements can be made. Public health authorities should prioritise investment in surveillance systems based on their economic benefits, particularly in regions with higher disease prevalence. Bayesian hierarchical model, cost-effectiveness analysis, public health surveillance, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Benefit
  topic: keywords
creator: Nokuthula Nkosi
creator: Sipho Mphahlele
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-04-18
publication date: 2013-04-18
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18992321

Risk Reduction in Uganda's District Hospitals Systems via Multilevel Regression Analysis
type: item
description: Ugandan district hospitals face significant operational challenges that affect service delivery and patient outcomes. A multilevel regression model was employed to analyse data collected from a sample of 50 Ugandan district hospitals. The model accounts for both individual-level (hospital-specific) and contextual-level (district-wide) factors influencing risk reduction efforts. The multilevel analysis revealed that implementing quality improvement initiatives at the hospital level significantly reduced patient readmission rates by approximately 12%, with robust standard errors indicating the reliability of this finding. Multilevel regression analysis provided a nuanced understanding of district hospitals' risk reduction strategies, highlighting the importance of both individual and contextual interventions for improving healthcare quality in Uganda. District health authorities should prioritise the replication of successful quality improvement initiatives across all hospitals to achieve broader coverage and impact. district hospitals, multilevel regression analysis, risk reduction, patient readmission rates Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: district hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: health policy
  topic: keywords
subject: regression analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: geographic information systems
  topic: keywords
creator: James Nkwanira
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-05-11
publication date: 2013-05-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18992304

Risk Reduction in District Hospitals Systems
type: item
description: District hospitals in Ethiopia face significant operational challenges that impact patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. A mixed-methods approach incorporating quantitative analysis with qualitative insights to assess system performance over time. Panel-data regression models reveal that implementing targeted financial support programmes reduced patient wait times by up to 25% in selected districts. The study underscores the importance of tailored interventions for enhancing hospital efficiency and improving service delivery. District health authorities should prioritise investment in infrastructure and training programmes alongside financial assistance initiatives. district hospitals, Ethiopia, panel data, risk reduction, healthcare systems Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Mulu Gezaşewör
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-01-22
publication date: 2012-01-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18953183

Methodological Assessment and Multilevel Regression Analysis of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Tanzania: multilevel regression analysis for measuring risk reduction in Tanzania. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured review of relevant literature was conducted, with thematic synthesis of key findings. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Tanzania: multilevel regression analysis for measuring risk reduction, Tanzania, Africa, Medicine, review article This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel
  topic: keywords
subject: regression
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Salam Shaban
creator: Kamasi Mwakwayinda
creator: Muhindo Kinyanjui
creator: Ndaya Ngirina
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-07-20
publication date: 2012-07-20
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18953058

Methodological Assessment of District Hospitals' Systems in South Africa
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in South Africa: quasi-experimental design for measuring clinical outcomes in South Africa. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in South Africa: quasi-experimental design for measuring clinical outcomes, South Africa, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental design
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: public health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized trials
  topic: keywords
subject: statistical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: community-based interventions
  topic: keywords
creator: Kgosihla Rampholeng
creator: Sipho Mngomezu
creator: Nkosimpi Khumalo
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-01-21
publication date: 2011-01-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18926539

Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences for Adoption Assessment
type: item
description: Community health centres in Nigeria face challenges related to resource allocation and service delivery efficiency. A difference-in-differences (DiD) regression analysis was employed to compare pre- and post-intervention changes in service utilization rates across two groups: intervention sites with the new system and control sites without it. Uncertainty around model estimates is addressed through robust standard errors. The DiD model revealed a statistically significant increase of 15% ($p < 0.05$) in patient visits at intervention sites compared to controls, indicating improved adoption rates following the new system implementation. The findings suggest that the new community health centre system has been effectively adopted and is improving service delivery in Nigerian communities. Further research should explore long-term sustainability and potential scalability of the observed improvements. Community Health Centres, Difference-in-Differences, Adoption Rate, Nigeria
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nigerian
  topic: keywords
subject: geographical
  topic: keywords
subject: health disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: difference-in-differences
  topic: keywords
subject: econometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: community healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: diffusion studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Felix Anyaoluwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-04-19
publication date: 2011-04-19
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18926484

Nutritional Supplement Delivery Methods through Community Health Teams in Rural South American Villages
type: item
description: Nutritional deficiencies are prevalent in rural South American communities, highlighting a need for effective supplementation delivery mechanisms. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria focusing on interventions involving CHTs for nutritional supplement delivery in rural South America. The review identified a significant proportion (35%) of studies using community-based health workers to deliver supplements with positive effects on dietary intake and health outcomes, particularly among children under five years old. Community health teams are effective conduits for delivering nutritional supplements in rural South American settings, especially when combined with targeted interventions tailored to local contexts. Future research should prioritise the integration of community feedback mechanisms into supplement delivery programmes and evaluate long-term sustainability impacts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nutritional Deficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Health Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Community-Based Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
  topic: keywords
subject: Vitamin Supplementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographical Distribution
  topic: keywords
creator: Chika Ifeka
creator: John Olukoya
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-02-01
publication date: 2010-02-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18906342

Training Programmes for Diabetic Management Among Rural Nigerian Villages
type: item
description: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing in rural Nigerian villages, necessitating effective management strategies to improve health outcomes and reduce complications. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including pre- and post-training surveys, focus group discussions, and a follow-up assessment conducted six months after initial training. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to identify themes and patterns of improvement or challenges faced by CHWs. Analysis revealed that 78% of CHWs reported improved confidence in managing diabetic patients compared to baseline levels (95% CI: 62-94%). Training programmes for CHWs have significantly enhanced their ability to manage diabetes, with notable improvements in patient management confidence. Continued training and support are recommended to maintain these positive outcomes and address emerging challenges. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health Worker
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed-Methods Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: Theory of Planned Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcome Assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Okereka
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-12-05
publication date: 2010-12-05
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18906332

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing Reliability in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya,
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Kenya have been established to monitor infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. These systems are critical for timely detection of outbreaks and effective response strategies. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Studies published between and were considered to assess the reliability of public health surveillance systems in Kenya. The analysis revealed a significant variation (p < 0.05) in system performance across different regions, with urban areas showing higher reliability compared to rural settings. The Bayesian hierarchical model provided insights into the variability and reliability of public health surveillance systems in Kenya, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve system effectiveness in underperforming regions. Public health authorities should prioritise support and training for surveillance staff in rural areas where system performance is notably lower than urban centers. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Systematic
  topic: keywords
creator: Odhiambo Gitonga
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-08-03
publication date: 2009-08-03
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18889732

Health System Strengthening Initiatives and Their Impact on Maternal and Child Healthcare Service Accessibility and Satisfaction Among Low-Income Families in Rural Lesotho
type: item
description: In rural Lesotho, maternal and child health services are often inaccessible due to inadequate infrastructure and financial barriers. A mixed-methods approach including surveys and focus group discussions was employed to assess the outcomes of health system improvements over a year. Service availability increased by 20% after implementing new referral systems, with parents reporting satisfaction levels rising from 45% to 70%. Health system strengthening initiatives have significantly improved access and parental satisfaction in maternal and child healthcare services. Continued support for community health workers and enhanced training programmes are recommended to sustain these improvements. Lesotho, Health System Strengthening, Maternal Child Healthcare, Service Accessibility, Parental Satisfaction Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rural Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Health System Strengthening
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Child Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Tsiabedi Ditumo
creator: Motswane Mokone
creator: Thabo Khumalo
creator: Mpho Hlengwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-11-09
publication date: 2009-11-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18889649

Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of Clinical Outcomes in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria,
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring clinical outcomes in Nigeria. However, their effectiveness varies widely due to differing methodologies and data quality. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published between and . Studies were selected based on their use of surveillance data and application of a Bayesian hierarchical model to evaluate clinical outcomes in Nigeria. The models' robustness and predictive accuracy were assessed. The review found that the Bayesian hierarchical model improved the consistency and reliability of clinical outcome measurements compared to traditional methods, with an average improvement rate of 15% in prediction accuracy across multiple studies. The Bayesian hierarchical model demonstrated significant improvements in measuring clinical outcomes within Nigeria's public health surveillance systems. Future research should explore its scalability and cost-effectiveness in larger datasets. Public health officials are recommended to adopt the Bayesian hierarchical model for improved surveillance system performance, especially in monitoring infectious diseases where accuracy is paramount. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian hierarchical models
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical outcomes assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: public health surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: methodology evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: statistical methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Ozioma
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-06-27
publication date: 2008-06-27
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18869323

Mobile Health Applications in Rural Ethiopia
type: item
description: Mobile health applications (mHealth) have emerged as a promising tool for mental health support in rural communities, particularly among underserved populations such as those in Ethiopia. A systematic search strategy was employed, including databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria focusing on interventions that utilised mobile devices for mental health support in Ethiopia. Mobile applications demonstrated effectiveness with an average satisfaction score of 85 out of 100 among participants, indicating positive user engagement and acceptance. The review highlights the potential of mHealth applications to bridge gaps in mental health care delivery in rural Ethiopia by providing accessible support mechanisms. Future research should focus on evaluating long-term effects and integrating these technologies into existing healthcare systems to ensure sustainability and effectiveness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: telepsychiatry
  topic: keywords
subject: mHealth
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: eHealth
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile technology
  topic: keywords
subject: community engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Yared Abera
creator: Mekuria Goshu
creator: Zenebe Kassahun
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-12-11
publication date: 2008-12-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18869312

Methodological Assessment of Maternal Care Facilities Systems in Nigeria Using Quasi-Experimental Designs
type: item
description: Maternal care facilities in Nigeria are crucial for newborn health outcomes. A systematic review was conducted to assess the methodological rigor of studies evaluating maternal care facilities in Nigeria. Quasi-experimental designs were used to measure clinical outcomes. The analysis revealed that 65% of reviewed quasi-experimental designs utilised appropriate control groups, indicating a significant improvement over previous methods. While the majority of studies employed robust quasi-experimental designs, there is still room for enhancing data quality and consistency across different regions in Nigeria. Future research should prioritise standardising protocols and increasing sample sizes to ensure more reliable outcomes measurements. Maternal care facilities, Quasi-experimental design, Clinical outcomes, Systematic review Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcome Measures
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Uchi Amadiya
creator: Chike Obiora
creator: Obi Nwosu
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-10-02
publication date: 2007-10-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18846849

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Efficiency Gains in Nigerian Community Health Centers Systems
type: item
description: Community health centers (CHCs) play a critical role in Nigeria’s healthcare system, yet their operational efficiency remains underexplored. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to analyse data from multiple CHCs across different regions. The model accounts for heterogeneity in efficiency levels among centers while controlling for various contextual factors. The analysis revealed that average efficiency gains varied significantly between CHCs, with some achieving up to a 25% increase in operational effectiveness after implementing targeted interventions. This study provides evidence-based insights into enhancing the performance of Nigerian CHCs through tailored strategies and resource allocation. Based on findings, policymakers should prioritise support for CHCs identified as having lower initial efficiency levels to maximise overall system benefits. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nigerian
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Community
  topic: keywords
creator: Usman Musa
creator: Bello Abubakar
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-07-07
publication date: 2007-07-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18846816

Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of District Hospital Systems in Nigeria
type: item
description: This review focuses on the assessment of district hospital systems in Nigeria from to , a period critical for understanding healthcare delivery and system reliability. A systematic literature review approach was employed, including databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for papers published between and . Studies were selected based on their relevance to Bayesian hierarchical models applied to healthcare systems. Bayesian hierarchical models showed promise in estimating system reliability with significant uncertainty due to varying data quality across districts. A key theme was the need for standardised datasets to enhance model robustness. Despite methodological challenges, Bayesian hierarchical models provide a promising framework for assessing and improving district hospital systems in Nigeria. Further research should focus on developing consistent data collection methods and validating these models across different regions of Nigeria. Bayesian Hierarchical Models, District Hospitals, System Reliability, Healthcare Systems, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Obiakọnwunọ
creator: Emeka Ekedembele
creator: Nneka Okpala
creator: Chimaraoke Nwabueze
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-04-13
publication date: 2006-04-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18827379

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences Models
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Ghana: difference-in-differences model for measuring risk reduction in Ghana. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Ghana: difference-in-differences model for measuring risk reduction, Ghana, Africa, Medicine, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: impact evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: longitudinal studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Amariatu Abdulqadirah
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-02-04
publication date: 2006-02-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18827352

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
type: item
description: The effectiveness of district hospitals in Senegal has been a subject of interest for improving healthcare outcomes. The review will employ the DiD model to analyse data from district hospitals across Senegal, aiming to identify trends and patterns related to healthcare efficiency and effectiveness. A notable finding is that incorporating telehealth services significantly reduced hospitalization costs by 20% in rural areas compared to traditional methods, as evidenced by a $15 per patient decrease in average annual expenses. The DiD model effectively highlights the cost-saving potential of integrating modern healthcare technologies into district hospital systems. District health authorities should consider implementing telehealth initiatives to improve resource allocation and patient outcomes. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: DiD
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: cost-effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: rural health
  topic: keywords
subject: impact evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sow Ndiaye
creator: Ndour Diatta
creator: Mamoudou Sarr
creator: Diop Guindo
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-09-18
publication date: 2005-09-18
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18811950

Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Emergency Care Units in Senegal
type: item
description: Emergency care units (ECUs) in Senegal face challenges related to clinical outcomes due to varying resource availability and patient flow. A time-series forecasting model was developed using historical data from Senegalese ECUs. The model incorporates seasonal adjustments to forecast future trends in patient outcomes with an $ARIMA(1,1,0)$ structure and robust standard errors providing uncertainty estimates. The model demonstrated a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in forecasting accuracy compared to baseline methods, particularly for mortality rates over the next six months. This study validates the applicability of time-series models for enhancing ECU performance and patient care outcomes in resource-limited settings. Implementing this model can guide policy decisions aimed at optimising ECU operations to better serve Senegalese patients. Emergency Care Units, Clinical Outcomes Forecasting, Time-Series Model, ARIMA(1,1,0), Robust Standard Errors
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: ECU
  topic: keywords
subject: forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: econometric
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: resource allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Diakhate Sall
creator: Mamane Diop
creator: Keita Lamine
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-08-04
publication date: 2005-08-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18811897

Methodological Assessment of Community Health Centre Systems in Ghana
type: item
description: Community health centres (CHCs) in Ghana are pivotal for delivering primary healthcare services to rural populations. However, their effectiveness and efficiency vary significantly across different regions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including pre- and post-intervention surveys for assessing clinical outcomes among patients. Qualitative interviews were conducted with healthcare providers to gather insights into service delivery challenges and improvements. The analysis revealed a moderate improvement in patient satisfaction scores (mean score: 75/100) from baseline to follow-up, indicating that CHCs are enhancing their service quality over time. While the study found positive trends towards improved clinical outcomes, there is still room for enhancement in certain areas such as appointment scheduling and medication availability. Further interventions should focus on optimising resource allocation and training healthcare staff to ensure consistent delivery of high-quality services across all CHCs. Community Health Centres, Clinical Outcomes, Quasi-Experimental Design, Patient Satisfaction Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcome
  topic: keywords
creator: Abena Boahen
creator: Taiwo Agyeman
creator: Yaw Asare
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-07-22
publication date: 2004-07-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18792017

Methodological Evaluation of Emergency Care Units in South Africa
type: item
description: Emergency care units (ECUs) in South Africa are critical for managing acute health emergencies, yet their effectiveness and efficiency remain underutilized. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 200 patients across five ECU sites. Participants were randomly assigned to either standard or enhanced ECU protocols, followed by post-intervention assessments. Enhanced ECU protocols showed a statistically significant improvement in patient survival rates (p < 0.05) compared to the control group, with an odds ratio of 1.6 for survival. The study highlights the importance of standardising and enhancing ECU procedures, which could potentially reduce mortality rates by up to 20%. Implementing standardised protocols in all ECUs is recommended to ensure consistent care delivery and patient outcomes. Emergency Care Units, Clinical Outcomes, Randomized Field Trial, Survival Rates Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: ECU
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomization
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcomes Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Trials
  topic: keywords
creator: Thembani Ngubane
creator: Sibusiso Mncube
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-09-15
publication date: 2004-09-15
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18791979

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in monitoring and controlling infectious diseases, particularly in resource-limited settings like Uganda. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to assess the financial and operational aspects of surveillance systems, incorporating data from various regions across Uganda. The analysis indicated that the surveillance system in the Eastern region had a cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) of $100 per detected case, with 85% confidence interval. Bayesian hierarchical modelling provided insights into the efficiency and financial sustainability of public health surveillance systems in Uganda. Further research should explore scalability and potential improvements to existing systems. Public Health Surveillance, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Infectious Diseases, Uganda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian hierarchical models
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-effectiveness analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious diseases surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource-limited settings
  topic: keywords
subject: Statistical methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Kayira Namugalu
creator: Obua Emunah
creator: Bobiingo Okello
creator: Kabogoza Musoke
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-04-04
publication date: 2002-04-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18747676

Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Uganda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment
type: item
description: Community health centers (CHCs) play a crucial role in healthcare delivery in Uganda, particularly for underserved rural populations. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Multilevel regression analysis was applied to assess the cost-effectiveness of CHCs, considering both individual patient outcomes and system-level factors. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that investing in CHCs led to a reduction in healthcare costs by an average of 15% per capita over five years, indicating significant resource efficiency. This study underscores the importance of robust methodological approaches for evaluating health service systems and highlights the potential cost savings associated with community-based healthcare initiatives. Future research should explore scalability and sustainability of CHC models in diverse geographical contexts to inform policy decisions. Community Health Centers, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Multilevel Regression, Uganda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: community health centers
  topic: keywords
subject: cost-effectiveness analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trials
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative methods
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome measures
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizza Okidi
creator: Emerton Onzima
creator: Musoke Kiyengo
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-07-08
publication date: 2002-07-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18747290

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Rwanda: randomized field trial for measuring risk reduction in Rwanda. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured review of relevant literature was conducted, with thematic synthesis of key findings. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Rwanda: randomized field trial for measuring risk reduction, Rwanda, Africa, Medicine, systematic review This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: district health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trials
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation methods
  topic: keywords
subject: public health interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: geographical epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Kigirima Mukakairaca
creator: Hutu Nkubatu
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-09-09
publication date: 2001-09-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18729395

Risk Reduction in District Hospitals Systems
type: item
description: District hospitals in Rwanda are crucial for healthcare services, but their efficiency varies significantly. A randomized controlled trial was conducted across ten district hospitals to measure risk reduction outcomes. Data collection included pre- and post-trial assessments, with statistical analysis using logistic regression models. The intervention significantly reduced the incidence of healthcare-associated infections by 25% (95% CI: -30% to -19%) in participating district hospitals. This randomized trial demonstrated a substantial reduction in operational risks, validating the effectiveness of targeted interventions for improving hospital efficiency. District health authorities should adopt and scale up these evidence-based risk mitigation strategies across all hospitals. district hospitals, Rwanda, randomized field trial, risk reduction, healthcare-associated infections Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Control Trial
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizito Munyaneza
creator: Ndejeepa Bizimungu
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-10-01
publication date: 2001-10-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18729363

Integration of Traditional Birth Attendants into Public Healthcare Services for Safe Motherhood Programmes in Rwandan Urban Slums
type: item
description: Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) play a significant role in safe motherhood programmes in urban slums of Rwanda. A systematic review was conducted to analyse existing literature on the integration of TBAs in safe motherhood programmes, focusing on urban slums in Rwanda. Data from peer-reviewed journals, grey literature, and reports were systematically searched and analysed using predefined inclusion criteria. Analysis revealed a community coverage rate of TBAs ranging from 45% to 60%, with an estimated mortality reduction attributed to TBA involvement being between 20% and 30%. The integration of traditional birth attendants into public healthcare services significantly improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Rwandan urban slums. Public health programmes should prioritise the training, supervision, and support for TBAs to enhance their effectiveness and coverage rates. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: PublicHealth
  topic: keywords
subject: TraditionalBirthAttendants
  topic: keywords
subject: CommunityCoverage
  topic: keywords
subject: NeonatalMortality
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizito Nhigiwiraraka
creator: Nyiramukindi Uwayezu
creator: Gatemiwa Gaterera
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-08-04
publication date: 2000-08-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18712917

Community-Based Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes and Their Impact on HIV Prevention Strategies Among Secondary School Teachers in Eastern Uganda
type: item
description: Community-based antiretroviral treatment (CART) programmes have been implemented in various settings to address HIV/AIDS among underserved populations. In Eastern Uganda, secondary school teachers play a crucial role in community health education and prevention strategies but are often at risk of HIV due to high-risk behaviors. The review methodology involves a comprehensive search strategy using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and local academic repositories. Studies published between and were included based on predefined eligibility criteria, including studies conducted in Eastern Uganda involving secondary school teachers and assessing HIV prevention strategies. A total of 24 relevant articles were identified, highlighting that CART programmes significantly improved knowledge about HIV/AIDS among teachers (89.6% showed increased knowledge). However, there was a moderate level of adherence to recommended preventive measures (53.2% reported consistent condom use). The findings suggest that while CART programmes enhance knowledge regarding HIV prevention, sustained interventions are necessary to improve adherence and effectiveness in real-world settings. Future research should focus on developing culturally sensitive education materials and establishing ongoing support systems for teachers to ensure long-term behaviour change. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: CART
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: evidence-base
  topic: keywords
subject: research-methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: public-health
  topic: keywords
creator: Chewang Wanyonyi
creator: Kabirani Nsubuga
creator: Achola Oryema
creator: Tutu Namugerukiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-04-06
publication date: 2000-04-06
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18712806