Livestock Health Management Practices Among Rural Dairy Producers in Ethiopia: Preventive Measures and Treatment Success Rates

The prevalence of livestock diseases among rural dairy producers in Ethiopia is a significant concern affecting both animal health and productivity. A systematic search of peer-reviewed journals and grey literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included based on predefined inclusion criteria related to preventive measures and treatment success rates for livestock health management in Ethiopia. A thematic analysis of the reviewed studies revealed that the use of vaccines was common but inconsistent across different regions, with a reported prevalence rate of 78% among dairy producers. Treatment success rates varied significantly, ranging from 45% to 92%, depending on the type and quality of veterinary services available. Rural dairy producers in Ethiopia rely heavily on preventive measures such as vaccination but face challenges with treatment success rates due to limited access to quality veterinary care. Investment should be prioritised in improving access to veterinary services, vaccines, and diagnostic tools for rural areas where livestock diseases are prevalent. Training programmes for extension workers on effective disease prevention strategies should also be strengthened. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.