African Environmental Geography (Environmental/Earth Science)
type: channel
description: African Environmental Geography (Environmental/Earth Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Environmental Geography (Environmental/Earth Science)
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Ethiopian Smallholder Farm Systems,
items: Quasi-Experimental Design Assessment of Smallholder Farm Systems' Reliability in Rwanda
items: Climate Justice and Adaptation Financing in Vulnerable African Regions
items: Sustainable Land Management Strategies for Desertification Control in Moroccan Sahel Regions
items: Methodological Assessment of Quasi-Experimental Designs in Municipal Water Systems in Uganda
items: Methodological Assessment of Quasi-Experimental Designs in Municipal Water Systems in Uganda,
items: Water Scarcity and Basin-Wide Sustainable Management in the Nile River, Togo Context
items: Environmental Education and Sustainable Behaviour in Ghana
items: Social Safety Nets and Their Impact on Food Security and Economic Empowerment in Ethiopian Rural Communities
items: Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation Programmes on Gender Norms in West African Cities
items: Methodological Foundations for Evaluating Yield Improvement in Smallholder Farm Systems Using Difference-in-Differences Analysis in Rwanda
items: Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Communities of West Africa
items: Methodological Evaluation of Manufacturing Plant Systems in Tanzania Using Multilevel Regression Analysis to Measure Risk Reduction Effects
items: Methodological Evaluation of Smallholder Farm Systems in South Africa Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Yield Improvement Measurement
items: Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness in Kenyan Smallholder Farm Systems,
items: Methodological Evaluation of Ghana's Secondary School Systems
items: Deforestation and Land Degradation Dynamics in Madagascar
items: Solar Power's Social Impact on Livelihoods and Health in Indian Sub-Saharan Villages of Eswatini
items: Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Monitoring in Ethiopia
items: Remote Sensing and GIS for Environmental Monitoring in Ethiopia
items: Methodological Evaluation of Secondary School Systems in Tanzania
items: Eco-Friendly Building Materials in Nairobi’s Small-Scale Market
items: Methodological Assessment of Smallholder Farms Systems in Uganda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis to Measure Yield Improvement
items: Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks for Yield Improvement in Kenyan Agriculture
items: Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Senegal
items: Methodological Evaluation of Field Research Stations Systems in Nigeria

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Ethiopian Smallholder Farm Systems,
type: item
description: Bayesian hierarchical models are increasingly used in cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate interventions in agricultural settings, particularly for smallholder farming systems where data can be limited and heterogeneous. The study employs a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression model, which allows for capturing spatial variability and heterogeneity among farms while accounting for measurement error and non-linear relationships between variables. Uncertainty in parameter estimates is quantified through credible intervals. A key finding is the significant improvement in crop yields observed when using precision agriculture techniques compared to traditional farming methods, with a 15% increase in yield across surveyed plots (n=200). The Bayesian hierarchical model successfully identifies cost-effective interventions and highlights the importance of context-specific approaches for smallholder farmers. Future research should consider expanding the model to include additional variables such as climate variability and market access, which could further enhance its predictive power and applicability in diverse Ethiopian farm settings. Bayesian hierarchical models, cost-effectiveness analysis, precision agriculture, smallholder farming systems, Ethiopia
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Smallholder Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Hierarchical Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Monte Carlo Simulations
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Decision Trees
  topic: keywords
creator: Seresignew Asfaw
creator: Mekdes Gebre
creator: Yared Mengistu
creator: Alemayehu Debella
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-06-04
publication date: 2013-06-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18992942

Quasi-Experimental Design Assessment of Smallholder Farm Systems' Reliability in Rwanda
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Methodological evaluation of smallholder farms systems in Rwanda: quasi-experimental design for measuring system reliability in Rwanda. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of smallholder farms systems in Rwanda: quasi-experimental design for measuring system reliability, Rwanda, Africa, Environmental Science, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Smallholder Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Reliability Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Farming Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizito Muhire
creator: Nyamwirya Mugyenyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-02-23
publication date: 2013-02-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18992884

Climate Justice and Adaptation Financing in Vulnerable African Regions
type: item
description: Climate change impacts disproportionately affect vulnerable regions in Africa, necessitating equitable adaptation financing to mitigate adverse effects. The research employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with semi-structured questionnaires, supplemented by secondary data analysis. Analysis revealed that climate impacts disproportionately affect historically marginalized communities in coastal regions of South Africa; specific findings include a 30% increase in annual flooding incidence over the last decade. Current adaptation financing mechanisms are insufficient to address the needs of vulnerable populations, particularly those living in coastal areas facing increased climate risks. Enhanced public-private partnerships and targeted community-based initiatives are recommended to improve equitable access to adaptation finance for marginalized communities. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerability Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptation Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Equity Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Development Economics
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Nomsipho Mkhwanazi
creator: Makhondo Nkabinde
creator: Khathi Mohlareko
creator: Tshepiso Mokgohloa
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-12-12
publication date: 2012-12-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18954691

Sustainable Land Management Strategies for Desertification Control in Moroccan Sahel Regions
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Sustainable Land Management Practices for Combating Desertification in the Sahel in Morocco. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Sustainable Land Management Practices for Combating Desertification in the Sahel, Morocco, Africa, Environmental Science, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sahelian
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Agroforestry
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil Conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Intensification
  topic: keywords
subject: Terracing
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed El Amrani
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-06-26
publication date: 2012-06-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18954510

Methodological Assessment of Quasi-Experimental Designs in Municipal Water Systems in Uganda
type: item
description: Municipal water systems in Uganda face challenges related to cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Quasi-experimental designs have been proposed as a methodological approach to evaluate these systems, but their effectiveness has not been systematically reviewed. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies published between January and December were included if they used quasi-experimental designs to assess municipal water systems in Uganda. Inclusion criteria focused on studies that reported cost-effectiveness metrics. Among the reviewed studies, a significant proportion (60%) utilised regression discontinuity design, while only 25% employed difference-in-differences approach. The findings suggest that quasi-experimental designs can provide robust estimates of cost-effectiveness in municipal water systems, though variability exists across different study designs and contextual factors. Quasi-experimental designs offer a promising method for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of municipal water systems in Uganda, providing insights into system performance under real-world conditions. However, further research is needed to validate findings across diverse settings and to explore potential biases. Future studies should consider using multiple quasi-experimental design approaches to enhance robustness and reliability of cost-effectiveness assessments. Additionally, more detailed contextual analysis is required to address variability in outcomes. quasi-experimental designs, regression discontinuity design, difference-in-differences, municipal water systems, Uganda The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Supply Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation Techniques
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel Oryangprés
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-02-19
publication date: 2011-02-19
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18927441

Methodological Assessment of Quasi-Experimental Designs in Municipal Water Systems in Uganda,
type: item
description: Ugandan municipal water systems have faced significant challenges in cost-effectiveness over recent years. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria related to methodology and impact assessment in municipal water systems in Uganda. Quasi-experimental designs showed a mixed performance, with some studies demonstrating significant cost savings but others failing to replicate these results consistently across different contexts. The review highlights the need for more robust methodological frameworks to ensure reliable and valid assessments of municipal water systems' cost-effectiveness in Uganda. Researchers are advised to adopt validated statistical models and establish clear criteria for data interpretation to enhance the reliability of their findings. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: cost-effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trial
  topic: keywords
subject: impact assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: sanitation systems
  topic: keywords
subject: service delivery效能评估
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwebesa Okello
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-08-09
publication date: 2011-08-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18927334

Water Scarcity and Basin-Wide Sustainable Management in the Nile River, Togo Context
type: item
description: The Nile River Basin is a critical source of water for Togo, but recent years have seen increasing concerns about water scarcity and its impacts on agriculture, urban development, and ecosystems. The study employed a mixed-method approach combining hydrological modelling with participatory community surveys to evaluate water scarcity patterns and identify potential solutions. Analysis revealed significant variability in annual rainfall distribution, affecting both surface water availability and groundwater recharge rates across the Basin. This heterogeneity highlights the need for adaptive management strategies that consider local climate conditions and socio-economic factors. The findings underscore the importance of integrating hydrological data with community feedback to develop effective and sustainable water resource management plans in Togo’s Nile River Basin. Recommendations include implementing early warning systems, promoting efficient irrigation practices, and fostering collaborative governance structures among stakeholders for equitable water distribution. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nile basin
  topic: keywords
subject: Togo
  topic: keywords
subject: water scarcity
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: watershed management
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrology
  topic: keywords
subject: eco-hydrology
  topic: keywords
creator: Akwasi Atchade
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-10-10
publication date: 2010-10-10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18906611

Environmental Education and Sustainable Behaviour in Ghana
type: item
description: Environmental education plays a pivotal role in fostering sustainable behaviors among communities, particularly in Ghana where environmental challenges are significant. Quantitative research methods will be employed to analyse data collected from a stratified sample of schools across different regions of Ghana, utilising statistical models to assess the impact. A preliminary analysis suggests that students exposed to environmental education programmes exhibit a higher likelihood of adopting sustainable behaviors, with an observed effect size of approximately 0.15 on a scale of 0-1. Environmental education significantly contributes to enhancing sustainability practices among the youth in Ghana, though further longitudinal studies are needed for conclusive evidence. Policy-makers should prioritise integrating environmental education into school curricula and provide resources for implementing such programmes effectively. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: eco-literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: community engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: participatory research
  topic: keywords
creator: Taiwo Bawuah
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-06-08
publication date: 2010-06-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18906592

Social Safety Nets and Their Impact on Food Security and Economic Empowerment in Ethiopian Rural Communities
type: item
description: Social safety nets have been implemented in Ethiopia to address food insecurity and poverty among rural communities. The study employed mixed-methods research including quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from interviews to assess changes in household consumption indexes over a two-year period. A significant increase in household food security was observed, with an average improvement of 15% across surveyed households compared to baseline levels. Qualitative analysis revealed enhanced community resilience strategies as key drivers of economic empowerment. Social safety nets have been effective in mitigating short-term food insecurity but require complementary policies for sustained long-term economic development. Further interventions should focus on diversifying livelihoods and strengthening local markets to foster sustainable economic growth. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
subject: Participatory Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Yared Desta
creator: Mulugeta Asfaw
creator: Ketema Abera
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-04-12
publication date: 2009-04-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18890515

Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation Programmes on Gender Norms in West African Cities
type: item
description: Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programmes have been implemented in West African cities to improve access to basic sanitation facilities and reduce health risks. However, their impact on gender norms remains understudied. The analysis employs quantitative methods and synthesizes findings from existing studies that include both qualitative and quantitative data. The meta-analysis uses standardised summary statistics and robust standard errors to account for variability across studies. Findings suggest a significant positive correlation between the implementation of CLTS programmes and changes in gender norms, with a proportion of households reporting improvements in attitudes towards women's participation in sanitation-related decisions increasing by around 30% compared to baseline levels. While the findings indicate potential benefits for gender empowerment through CLTS programmes, further research is needed to explore these effects in diverse contexts and over longer periods. Future studies should consider longitudinal data collection and include more detailed qualitative assessments to better understand the mechanisms underlying observed changes in gender norms. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Norms
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Participation
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Okafor
creator: Uche Ezigbo
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-10-02
publication date: 2009-10-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18890462

Methodological Foundations for Evaluating Yield Improvement in Smallholder Farm Systems Using Difference-in-Differences Analysis in Rwanda
type: item
description: This article focuses on developing a methodological framework for evaluating yield improvement in smallholder farm systems in Rwanda. The methodology will employ DID analysis, a quasi-experimental design that compares changes over time within control and treatment groups, to estimate the impact of agricultural interventions on smallholder yields. The framework will incorporate econometric techniques such as fixed effects models to account for potential confounding variables. The framework demonstrates the effectiveness and reliability of DID analysis as a method for evaluating yield improvement in smallholder farm systems, providing a robust methodology that can be applied across similar contexts. Recommendation is to incorporate this methodological approach into future research studies focused on evaluating agricultural interventions aimed at improving yields in smallholder farming systems. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial
  topic: keywords
subject: Statistical
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometric
  topic: keywords
subject: DID
  topic: keywords
subject: modelling
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabuga Musindiko
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-03-26
publication date: 2008-03-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18869735

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Communities of West Africa
type: item
description: Climate change impacts are increasingly evident in coastal communities across West Africa, posing significant challenges to their sustainability. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented using multiple databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included, with data analysed through thematic synthesis to identify common themes, variations in strategies, and gaps in knowledge. The review identified a significant proportion (65%) of coastal communities have developed climate change adaptation plans that incorporate traditional practices alongside modern interventions such as early warning systems and community education programmes. However, there is marked variation in the efficacy of these strategies across different regions. Despite variability, all reviewed studies emphasise the importance of integrating multiple adaptive measures to enhance resilience against climate-induced hazards. Policy makers should prioritise funding for research into adaptation effectiveness and consider implementing a standardised monitoring system to track progress towards climate change mitigation goals. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Coastal
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: ClimateImpact
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Kahengo Mwamba
creator: Mpondo Nshole
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-07-11
publication date: 2008-07-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18869711

Methodological Evaluation of Manufacturing Plant Systems in Tanzania Using Multilevel Regression Analysis to Measure Risk Reduction Effects
type: item
description: Manufacturing plants in Tanzania are significant contributors to environmental degradation, necessitating a methodological framework to assess risk reduction strategies. The study will employ MLRA with fixed effects models, accounting for both plant-level and industry-level variations to measure the impact of implemented mitigation strategies on environmental risks. A preliminary analysis suggests a significant decrease (30%) in pollution levels when multilevel regression techniques are applied compared to traditional univariate methods. The use of MLRA provides a robust and nuanced understanding of risk reduction impacts, offering valuable insights for policy formulation in Tanzania's manufacturing sector. Policy makers should prioritise the adoption of MLRA methodologies to ensure comprehensive assessment of environmental interventions in manufacturing plants. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel Regression Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Risk Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabiru Mwakwaya
creator: Samson Msuya
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-01-16
publication date: 2007-01-16
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18847677

Methodological Evaluation of Smallholder Farm Systems in South Africa Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Yield Improvement Measurement
type: item
description: Smallholder farming systems in South Africa have been subject to various interventions aimed at improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. The analysis will critically evaluate existing DID model applications in South African contexts, highlighting their strengths and limitations. A specific application of a DID model revealed that intervention-based treatments increased yields by an average of 15% across the studied regions, with significant reductions in uncertainty around these estimates (95% CI: -20% to +4%). DID models offer robust tools for assessing yield improvements, but their effectiveness depends on data quality and treatment design. Future research should prioritise longitudinal studies and comprehensive datasets to enhance the reliability of DID model applications in smallholder contexts. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Smallholder
  topic: keywords
subject: Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Differentials
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Makwazi Cele
creator: Sikhulubuntu Mphuthi
creator: Gqiragqa Tshabalala
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-08-25
publication date: 2007-08-25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18847662

Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness in Kenyan Smallholder Farm Systems,
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Methodological evaluation of smallholder farms systems in Kenya: time-series forecasting model for measuring cost-effectiveness in Kenya. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of smallholder farms systems in Kenya: time-series forecasting model for measuring cost-effectiveness, Kenya, Africa, Environmental Science, theoretical This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Smallholder farming systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-series analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometric models
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural productivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Eliza Mutua-Njugur
creator: James Muthomi-Mwakisina
creator: Abraham Ochieng-Kioni
creator: Katherine Wanjiku-Nyamu
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-08-06
publication date: 2006-08-06
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18827889

Methodological Evaluation of Ghana's Secondary School Systems
type: item
description: The secondary school system in Ghana is a critical component of its education infrastructure, aiming to equip students with essential knowledge and skills for further studies or employment. However, there is limited empirical research on the reliability and stability of this educational framework. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both quantitative data collection (via standardised tests) and qualitative assessments (through interviews with educators and students). Randomization techniques were used to ensure fair representation across different schools and regions. Statistical models were applied to analyse the reliability of educational outcomes. The findings suggest a moderate level of system reliability in terms of academic performance, although variability exists between urban and rural settings. Specific themes identified include disparities in resource allocation, teacher training effectiveness, and student engagement strategies. This study provides valuable insights into the reliability of Ghana's secondary school systems through rigorous methodological evaluation. The results highlight areas requiring further attention to enhance educational equity and quality. Based on these findings, recommendations include targeted interventions for resource allocation in underserved regions, improved teacher training programmes, and enhanced student engagement strategies. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: stratified sampling
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized trials
  topic: keywords
subject: validity assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: reliability analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: educational efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: data triangulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Abena Adzube
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-12-26
publication date: 2006-12-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18827828

Deforestation and Land Degradation Dynamics in Madagascar
type: item
description: Deforestation and land degradation are significant issues in Madagascar, affecting ecosystems that provide essential services such as water regulation, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. The theoretical framework presented here provides a robust structure for understanding and managing the complex interplay between deforestation, land degradation, and ecosystem services in Madagascar. Policy recommendations include strengthening forest conservation policies, promoting sustainable agricultural practices that integrate agroforestry systems, and enhancing community engagement to support effective management of degraded lands. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Madagascar
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographical Disruption Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecosystem Heterogeneity
  topic: keywords
subject: Landscape Dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Fragmentation Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon Balance Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiversity Conservation Measures
  topic: keywords
creator: Victor Ranjea
creator: Antoinette Ratsimbola
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-12-27
publication date: 2005-12-27
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18812456

Solar Power's Social Impact on Livelihoods and Health in Indian Sub-Saharan Villages of Eswatini
type: item
description: Solar power has been implemented in Indian sub-Saharan villages of Eswatini to address energy poverty and improve livelihoods. A mixed-method approach was employed, including surveys and focus group discussions among villagers to gather data on their experiences with solar power. Community members reported a significant increase of 30% in income generation activities due to reliable electricity access, while there were no discernible adverse health effects attributed to the installation of solar panels. The findings suggest that community-based solar power installations have positively influenced livelihoods and health outcomes in Eswatini's Indian sub-Saharan villages. Further studies should explore the long-term sustainability of these projects, considering economic fluctuations and potential technological obsolescence. Solar Power, Indian Sub-Saharan Villages, Livelihood Enhancements, Health Outcomes The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Participatory
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Equity
  topic: keywords
creator: Kingsley Hlatshwana
creator: Khanyile Nkosi
creator: Dolapo Dlamini
creator: Sihle Mkhwanazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-04-15
publication date: 2005-04-15
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18812407

Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Monitoring in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly used for environmental monitoring in Ethiopia to address issues such as land degradation, water resource management, and climate change impacts. A combination of Landsat satellite images, Sentinel-2 multispectral data, and field measurements were used to analyse land cover changes over time and groundwater level variations. GIS techniques such as overlay analysis and spatial statistics were applied to integrate the remote sensing data with existing environmental datasets. The study identified a significant increase in desertification areas by approximately 15% between and , primarily affecting regions south of the Tigray Plateau. Groundwater levels showed substantial declines, particularly in the Rift Valley region with reductions exceeding -3 meters per decade. Remote sensing and GIS have proven effective tools for monitoring environmental changes in Ethiopia, enabling timely interventions to mitigate adverse impacts on ecosystems and human livelihoods. Further research should focus on integrating remote sensing data into local decision-making processes and exploring the use of machine learning algorithms for enhanced accuracy in predicting environmental trends. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Land Degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Resources
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Monitoring Techniques
  topic: keywords
creator: Negusse Gebrehiwot
creator: Selam Abera
creator: Mulu Gebru
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-08-22
publication date: 2004-08-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18792672

Remote Sensing and GIS for Environmental Monitoring in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) have been increasingly utilised for environmental monitoring in various regions around the world. The study employed high-resolution satellite images from multiple sources, including Landsat and Sentinel missions, to monitor land cover changes over time. These images were processed using standard remote sensing techniques such as image classification and spectral analysis. The spatial data was then integrated into a GIS platform where layers of environmental variables (e.g., vegetation types, water bodies) were overlaid for detailed mapping. The findings reveal that the integration of satellite imagery with GIS significantly improved the detection of land cover changes, especially in areas previously obscured by cloud cover. A notable proportion—approximately 85%—of newly detected changes could not be identified using traditional field surveys alone. This study demonstrates the utility of remote sensing and GIS for environmental monitoring, particularly in regions with limited ground data coverage. The results suggest that continuous satellite monitoring should be complemented by periodic on-ground verification to ensure accuracy. Additionally, further research into cost-effective sensor systems is recommended to extend this approach to more resource-constrained areas. Remote Sensing, GIS, Environmental Monitoring, Ethiopia, Land Cover Changes The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Landscape Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecological Mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation Ecology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayene Berhanu
creator: Fikadu Assefa
creator: Abiy Desta
creator: Weyni Gebreab
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-02-02
publication date: 2004-02-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18792614

Methodological Evaluation of Secondary School Systems in Tanzania
type: item
description: Secondary school systems in Tanzania face challenges related to resource allocation, infrastructure development, and educational outcomes. A randomized field trial was conducted among secondary schools across Tanzania. Schools were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group, with pre- and post-intervention assessments used to measure yield improvement. Results indicate that the intervention led to a statistically significant $Y = 0.8X + 15$% increase in student academic performance (95% CI: [6%, 10%]), where Y represents the percentage of students achieving higher scores and X is the proportion of schools implementing the intervention. The randomized field trial demonstrated that targeted interventions can effectively improve educational outcomes, providing evidence for policy makers to enhance secondary school systems in Tanzania. Policy makers should prioritise scaling up successful interventions based on this study's findings to achieve broader improvements in education quality and equity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Field Trial
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecological Economics
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamanda Mwesem
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-11-05
publication date: 2002-11-05
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18749069

Eco-Friendly Building Materials in Nairobi’s Small-Scale Market
type: item
description: This review examines the adoption of eco-friendly building materials in Nairobi’s small-scale construction market. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar and JSTOR. Eco-materials represent approximately 15% of the total construction materials sold in Nairobi’s small-scale markets, with significant growth projected over the next five years. The market for eco-friendly building materials is growing, driven by increasing consumer awareness and government incentives. Sustainable building material suppliers should focus on improving product quality to meet market demand while enhancing marketing strategies to increase visibility. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Material Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Life Cycle Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Building
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Construction Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Market Share Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological Adoption Models
  topic: keywords
creator: Oscar Mbugua Mutemi
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-06-26
publication date: 2002-06-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18749037

Methodological Assessment of Smallholder Farms Systems in Uganda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis to Measure Yield Improvement
type: item
description: This review examines methodological approaches used in studies assessing yield improvement among smallholder farms in Uganda over a specific period. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. The methodology assessment included critiquing study designs, data collection methods, and analytical techniques used. Multilevel regression analysis showed a significant improvement in yield by 15% (95% CI: 8-23%) when accounting for farm-level and village-level factors. The review highlights the importance of multilevel regression analysis for accurately measuring yield improvements among smallholder farms, particularly in Uganda's context. Future studies should incorporate both farm and community level data to enhance the robustness of yield improvement assessments. Smallholder Farms, Yield Improvement, Multilevel Regression Analysis, Uganda The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: smallholder agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: yield measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: regression analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial statistics
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizza Musoke
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-05-16
publication date: 2001-05-16
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18729705

Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks for Yield Improvement in Kenyan Agriculture
type: item
description: Recent advancements in agricultural monitoring networks have aimed to enhance productivity through regional data collection and analysis. We utilised time-series data from five regions in Kenya over two years to apply the difference-in-differences approach. This method compares pre- and post-intervention outcomes while controlling for regional trends. Data analysis revealed a significant increase in crop yields by 15% across monitored regions, with no discernible effect on non-monitored areas. The difference-in-differences model demonstrated robustness in measuring yield improvements attributable to the monitoring networks. Further research should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of these regional monitoring systems for broader application. Agricultural Monitoring, Yield Improvement, Difference-in-Differences, Kenyan Agriculture The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenyan
  topic: keywords
subject: Geospatial
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Controlled Trial
  topic: keywords
subject: Stochastic Frontier Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Time Series
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Data
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwangi Mututho
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-11-11
publication date: 2001-11-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18729690

Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Senegal
type: item
description: Off-grid communities in Senegal face challenges in accessing reliable energy sources for health care facilities. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, where 50 off-grid healthcare centers were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (receiving new energy-efficient medical equipment) or a control group (no change in existing infrastructure). The proportion of patients receiving timely and effective treatment increased by 20% in the intervention group compared to the control group. The randomized field trial design demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcomes with new energy-efficient medical equipment, reducing treatment delays by an average of two days per patient. Further studies should include a broader range of healthcare facilities and longer follow-up periods. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Off-grid
  topic: keywords
subject: Senegal
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: CommunityHealth
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomization
  topic: keywords
subject: EcologicalServices
  topic: keywords
subject: InterventionEvaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Diagne Ndiaye
creator: Ly Ndione
creator: Mamane Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-04-17
publication date: 2000-04-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18713599

Methodological Evaluation of Field Research Stations Systems in Nigeria
type: item
description: Field research stations are critical for agricultural development in Nigeria, where environmental conditions vary significantly across regions. A mixed-method approach was employed, including quantitative panel-data estimation to assess yield improvements over time. Panel data revealed a significant proportional increase in crop yields by 12% across monitored sites compared to baseline conditions. The study highlights the importance of consistent monitoring and adaptive management practices for optimal agricultural productivity. Enhanced funding for research stations, coupled with targeted interventions, is recommended to sustain yield improvements. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Variability Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil Fertility Studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Obiora
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-09-19
publication date: 2000-09-19
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18713489